Open class categories 71
(25) a. Kapala-na ta' tao jawab.
head-DEF not know answer
‘The head does not know the answer.’
b. Ale' lo' entar dha' sakola'an.
yng.sibling not go to school
‘Little Brother did not go to school.’
(26) a. Mored rowa ta' penter.
student that not smart
‘That student is not smart.’
b. Roma rowa ta' raja.
house that not big
‘That house is not big.’
(27) a. Oreng rowa banne guru.
person that no teacher
‘That person is not a teacher.’
b. Jiya banne sapedha.
this no bicycle
‘This is not a bicycle.’
The verbs and adjectives in (25) and (26) cannot be negated by banne, and ne-
gating the nominal predicates in (27) with ta' or lo' results in unacceptable sen-
tences. Furthermore, it is instructive that nouns are not the only category ne-
gated with banne. Prepositional phrases take this constituent negator, as in (28)
and (29).
(28) Hadi melle permen kaangguy Sundari,banne kaangguy Sri.
Hadi AV.buy candy for Sundari not for Sri
‘Hadi bought candy for Sundari, not for Sri.’
(29) Sengko' nyaba' hadiya banne neng meja tape neng erra'.
I AV.put gift not at table but at bookshelf
‘I put the gifts not on the table but on the bookshelf.’
Thus, negation with ta' or lo' is a characteristic distinct to verbs and adjectives.
The second property shared by verbal and adjectival roots that distin-
guishes them from nominal roots is their ability to be predicates in relative
clauses. This was illustrated in the sentences in (10-15), in which the headless
relative clause is the subject. Additional examples are: