Notes 237
(^) This indicates that despite the fact that Text 1 is a more prepared text than
Text 2 the readers, in pursuit of their own individual communicative purposes
were free to select the tones that best projected their individual construal of both
texts.
(^8) Increments in the corpus are identifi ed as follows: T1 or T2 refers to either Text
1 or 2, the following initials refer to the reader and the number refers to number
of the increment within the text. Thus, [T2-Bc-12] refers to increment 12 in Text
2 of Bc’s reading. The entire corpus is available from the author.
(^9) Dc misread the word in and produced is.
(^10) Or 5 elements read 11 times minus a misreading by Dc!
(^11) As the reminder of this chapter focuses on how lexical elements were coded it is
not necessary to refer to actual readings of Texts 1 and 2.
(^12) The other verbs in phase coded as VPHR are he used to \ ↑spend //, they’re not
giving the entertainment they /used to give //, well the \grounds // are scruffi er
than they /used to be, //,we don’t seem to have very much \↑wood //, used to
be about twenty feet \↑high //, when i used to \teach //, and my \/hair seems to
need washing, // and er then we used to go –out //
(^13) The communicatively signifi cant residue of the increment is at the very least sim-
ilar to Sinclair and Mauranen’s (2006) linear unit of meaningful text (LUM).
Chapter 6
(^1) An utterance is defi ned here as a stretch of speech which is followed by a change
of speaker – including a non-verbal backchannel such as m if there is an audible
pause.
(^2) In the Crystal and Davy (1975) corpus 67% of speaker utterance endings coin-
cided with the completion of increments.
(^3) The term adverbial is used loosely to refer to all circumstantial elements, in other
words it refers to all elements which are not participants in the verbal process.
(^4) None of the 11 readers produced example (7). Of the seven readers who con-
strued the chain of elements in (7) as an increment, six chose a tonality division
which resulted in the placement of the adverbial in its own tone group. In two
cases the tone unit contained a rise, in three cases a fall rise and in the remaining
case a fall.
(^5) I have interpreted worship as a transitive verb rather than as the intransitive verb
which can be paraphrased as to take part in a religious ceremony.
(^6) Presumably the element secular dictators is intended to refer to Saddam Hussein.
However, O’Halloran (2003: 163 en4) warns that as analysts approach texts with
motivations and interests remote from those of ordinary readers there is a danger
that analysts will over-interpret a text. In other words, by focusing on the poten-
tial meaning of a text the analyst may miss the actual meaning that a consumer
who approaches the text non-critically may have gleaned. In other words, there
can be no presumption that a non-critical hearer will make a connection between
Islamic extremism and secular dictators such as Saddam Hussein.
(^7) This number is less than 26 because on a number of occasions more than one
reader read the same stretch of speech in a similar manner.