A Grammar of Tamashek (Tuareg of Mali)

4.2 Independent personal pronouns 237

almaefis-aet aelmaeiayas 'sustenance'

anno? zelaenwa? 'kind'

For the Arabic loan sessaeytan 'devil', I recorded PI aesssyatin-aen, with
the Arabic broken plural followed by Tamashek MaPl -aen.

4.1.1.28 Default Plural particle add

For a small number of nouns that for one reason or another cannot be
pluralized by ablaut or by suffixation, a default plural is formed by preposing
add, which reduces (in some dialects) to ad before a C and to d before a V.
It is used with derived nouns beginning with a reduced demonstrative plus
an '[the one] of...', i.e., noun-noun compounds without a true noun in first
position (212).

(212) a. sg: ϊ η t-ett
Dem of Fe-eye
'one-eyed person'

b. pi: add i η t-ettaw-en

PI Dem of Fe-eye-FePl

It is also used with compounds beginning in aegg 'son of...', as in PI add

aegg X or d aegg X 'sons of X'.

4.2 Independent personal pronouns

The forms are shown in (213).

(213) Independent Personal Pronouns

a. Singular

ISg

2MaSg

2FeSg

3Sg

b. Plural

IMaPl

IFePl

Μ

2MaPl

2FePl

naekk, naekk-u, naekk-un

kaeyy, kaeyy-u, kaeyy-un

kaemm, kaemm-u, kaemm-un

anta

naekk-aen-ed ι

naskk-aen-ast-ed (widespread)

naekk-aen-aet-ed (T-ka, optionally K-d)

kaew-aen-ed (in K-d also pronounced koned]

kaem-aet-ed