jeff_l
(Jeff_L)
#1
6.5 Spatial prepositions 281
f. ann-ilmaed-naet-\dar-as ^t-a-rasw-en-naenaer
0-Iearn.Reslt-3FePlS-\with-3Sg Fe-Pl-body-FePl-lPlPoss
Our bodies have become accustomed to it (land).'
In cliticized form -\d, the preposition occurs in a number of important
clause-initial complementizers, in a range of adverbial (§13.1.1.1, §13.1.2),
purposive (§13.2.1), and subjunctive clauses (§13.3). One could argue that the
complementizer ed 'because' also contains -\d (§13.2.2).
6.5 Spatial prepositions
6.5.1 'in, at' (daer)
This is the basic Locative preposition, indicating position in some space or
enclosure, whether or not motion is involved ('in', 'into', 'from inside' = 'out
of). Before a C or a non-high V, it is usually heard as [daer]. Before a high V
jsuij it is usually heard as [dar], presumably by Short-V Harmony. Care
must be taken to distinguish Locative daer from discourse particle dar 'also,
too' (especially since the latter is usually heard as daer in T-ka, with short ae).
It should also be distinguished from -daer, an Anaphoric element appearing at
the end of demonstrative pronouns and adverbs (§4.3).
For T-ka, the pronominal paradigm is straightforward (280)
(280) Pronominal Paradigm of daer 'in' (T-ka)
person Sg PI
1 dar-i, daer-er daer-naer
2Ma dar-ak daer-waen
2Fe dar-am daer-kmaet
3Ma dar-as däer-saen
3Fe If däer-snaet
In my R data, Locative daer has completely merged with Comitative d in
pronominal combinations (but not before nouns). The lSg form is dar-i or
rarely daer-er, whose r shows that this reflects the original locative form.
Before pronominals other than lSg we get d- (prevocalic, i.e. in singular
forms) and da- (preconsonantal, i.e. in plural forms). The paradigm is given
(278), above.
It is possible that daer is distantly connected historically with the noun
e-daegg 'place', but if so the historical phonology is irregular.
Because Tamashek (like Songhay) has no ablative case, the locative is
used in PP's associated with verbs that have ablative sense ('leave', 'remove',
etc.).
