jeff_l
(Jeff_L)
#1
308 7 Verbal morphology
(310.g), there is already a full V in the relevant position, so χ-pcl applies
vacuously.
In (310.e-g), because the V targeted by χ-pcl happens to be the antepenult
or earlier, this grammatical accent is overridden by Default Accentuation. In
(310.e-f) at least χ-pcl is audible in the form of the i vowel, but in (3lO.g)
there is no audible difference between the PerfP and the Resit.
In (310.b-c), the only audible distinguishing feature of the Resit is the
accent, either because χ-pcl is suspended (adjectival verbs) or because the
targeted V in question is already full so χ-pcl has no audible effect. If suffixes
and/or clitics are added to Resit verbs of types (310.b-c), so that the
grammatical accent χ-pcl is overridden by Default Accentuation (or by an
accented directional clitic), there is again no audible difference between PerfP
and Resit.
As detailed in §3.5.3.1, §8.5.2, and §12.1, χ-pcl is erased in Resit verbs
and Resit participles in definite relative clauses. This eliminates the
distinguishing i in (310.d-f), and the distinctive lengthening of the final-
syllable stem-vowel in (310.a). However, the erasure does not affect χ-pcl (i.e.
accent), so certain types of verbs maintain the PerfP/Reslt opposition even in
definite relative clauses, viz., the verbs in (310.a-d), provided that the accented
V is in the penult or final of the word and is not followed by an accented
directional clitic or by a suffix that forces penultimate accent.
In light V-final stems, i.e. -VC(C)u- (V = short or full vowel, υ = full
vowel), e.g. 'go to' in (309.c) with PerfP -skka- and Resit -akkd-, the only
difference is accent when no subject suffix is added: 3MaSg PerfP 1-kka, Resit
i-kkd. However, when subject suffixes are added to light V-final verbs, the
suffix creates an environment that permits χ-pcl (in addition to χ-pcl) to
apply. Thus 3MaPl PerfP Skkae-n (with Presuffixal α-Shortening (112) and
VV-Contraction (37.d)) and Resit akkd-n, 3FePl akkae-naet and Resit
skkd-naet, where the Resit forms have a lengthened as well as accented stem-
final ά. For all other verb types, including heavy V-final verbs and all C-final
verbs, suffixes are not a factor in ablaut. This shows that the scope of ablaut,
in the case of light V-final verbs, consists of the stem plus up to the first
suffixal C, hence all of 3MaPl /akka-aen/, and all of 3FePl /akka-nast/ except
the final ast. In §7.2.2.3, below, we will see that the same definition of domain
works for PerfN ablaut.
In causatives, a Resit stem beginning in -s-ί... might be mistaken (by a
non-native speaker) for a LoImpfP. This is because many causative LoImpfP
forms begin in -s-ί.... However, the Resit stem will always have a low V at
least in its final syllable, while a LoImpfP stem beginning with i (i.e. with
melody) will have high vowels through to the end of the stem.
Examples of the resultative are in (311).
(311) a. t-3dds-\taen t-orhanna η "a-sni
3FeSgS-touch.Reslt-\3MaP10 Fe-disease Poss Sg-blood
'Blood disease has touched (=afflicted) them (livestock).'
