jeff_l
(Jeff_L)
#1
7.2 Stem categories 329
stem-wide melody
e. stem with lexical u or i, except -CiCvC- and-CiCu-, see (c) above
-s-uCvC- -s-üCvC- -s-iCuC-
-s-uCCvC- -s-üCCvC- -s-lCCuC-
-s-uCCu- /-s-uCCi-/ -s-iCCu-
-s-vPuCvC- -s-aPPuCaC- -s-1PuCuC-
-s-vPvCuCvC- -s-aPPaCuCaC- -s-lPCuCuC-
g. superheavy stem subject to Stem-Initial Syncope in Shlmpf and
perfectives
-s-vPvCvCCvC- -s-aPPaCaCCaC- -s-lPCaCCiC-
-s-vPvCCu- (+ -t) -s-aPPaCCa-t -s-lPaCCu-t
[LoImpfP also -s-aPaeCCa-t]
-s-vPvCCu- /-s-aPPaCCi/ -s-!PaCCu
[LoImpfP also -s-aPaeCCa-]
There are some minor differences between causatives and other stems. In
causatives, the tendency of stems with i to have LoImpfP extends to
superheavy stems, and V-final stems tend to have final u rather than i in the
LoImpfP (in the absence of a medial full V).
The comparisons between Shlmpf and LoImpfP above are also useful in
another connection, namely, specifying the precise input to long imperfective
ablaut. When the -t- prefix is present, if the core stem is C-initial it is
necessary to account for the vowel that appears between the two. In the
LoImpfP, this V is targeted by χ-pcl and χ-pcl (i.e. length and accent), and so
appears as ί or ά, but the corresponding LoImpfN always has 3, and the Prohib
(which respects the verb's characteristic long imperfective melody) has a or as.
So disregarding the special LoImpfP ablaut formatives we need to ensure that
a short vowel ("v") occurs between -t- and the stem-initial C before ablaut
(including vocalic melodies) takes place. One possibility is to argue that -t- is
really -tv-. However, we have also identified a Stem-Initial V-Insertion that
adds an initial short V to the perfectives and Shlmpf (but not Imprt) of many
verbs, and having a version of this rule apply to a C-initial stem as an input
modification prior to applying long imperfective ablaut components is another
possibility.
More serious pre-ablaut reconfigurations may be needed for the light
verbs in (332), which have a vowel between C, ("P") and C 2 ("Q") in the long
imperfectives but not in the perfectives or short imperfectives.
