A Grammar of Tamashek (Tuareg of Mali)

7.3 Verb classes and irregular verbs 387

Other verbs like 'be thirsty' with medial u in the perfectives, cited in the
T-ka PerfP (with Imprt in parentheses) are -akkul-fikal) 'take charge',
-akkus- Okas) 'be hot', -Mluz- (Παζ) 'be hungry', -ammuy- (imay) 'praise
God', and -azzuy- (izay) 'be nostalgic'. We might add -aksud- (iksad) 'be
afraid', which has a lexical CC cluster and so shows no audible gemination.
For dialects other than T-ka, the Imprt is üksad, so for these dialects this verb
belongs in the preceding section, cf. (380) (§7.3.1.9).

T-ka has PerfP -szzuf-, Imprt üzzaf, and LoImpfP -t-uzzaf- for 'be
black',' til but R has -aezzof-, üzaf, ι and -t-uzaf-. R but not T-ka shows Γ-m in the

perfective but simple C in the imperfectives. The more common 'be black'
verb is Vkwl, PerfP kaewal-.
Another verb of this general type is -aeqqor- (Imprt Ivor) 'be dry', though
here T-ka has melody in the perfective (influenced perhaps by the BLC's
qq and r). A-grm PerfP -aqqur- and R PerfP -aeqqor- both have Imprt ürar.
Another verb like 'follow' in (384) with medial i in the perfectives is its
homonym -allil- Cilal) 'follow'.
The other verb like 'be heavy' in (384) with medial α in the perfectives is
PerfP -aeynay- 'be new', which has a lexical CC cluster. The Imprt is lynay,
which is hard to distinguish phonetically from -inay-. The VblN is t-aeynay-t.
The verb 'be sweet' in (384) with medial e in the perfective has a parallel
in -aeddew- (idaw) 'accompany, be with', VblN t:idaw-t. There is also an
irregular verb '(day) break' that has a PerfP -aeffew- and Imprt "lfaw in some
dialects (for more on this verb see §7.3.2.15).
An adjectival verb meaning 'be unripe, raw' has a PerfP -aerah- (without
gemination) and Imprt -arah- or -Irah-. For more on this somewhat irregular
verb see §7.3.2.18.

7.3.1.11 Adjectival verbs with ImprtiPQaC and unprefixed C-initial PerfP

Just above, I described one type of (mostly) adjectival verb with short and long

imperfectives based on -iC(C)aC- and perfectives beginning in a short V (with

a following unclustered lexical C geminated). In the present section I describe

a number of adjectival verbs whose imperfectives are based on -ICCaC-,

specifically -IPQaC- with medial nongeminate cluster PQ.

I showed in the preceding section (§7.3.1.10) that perfectives of the

relevant adjectival verbs were morphologically unusual (medial gemination)

and rather lexicalized (<L> or <H> melody). In the present section, the

following characteristics are observable. First, the perfectives are now

C-initial, meaning that Ρ and Q, while clustered in imperfective -IPQaC-, are

separated by a short vowel in the perfective. Second, gemination Γ-m applies

in some perfective stems but not others. Third, most (but not all) of the

perfectives have a full V in the second syllable, hence PvQ(Q)uC-. There are

two analytical possibilities here. One is to recognize a length formative χ-f,

similar to χ-f already recognized for long imperfectives of heavy verbs. This