jeff_l
(Jeff_L)
#1
8.2 Passive 469
c. long imperfective system
LoImpfP -t-ltw-anni- -t-ltw-adid- -t-"itw-itis-
LoImpfN -t-atw-anni -t-atw-adid- -t-atw-itis-
Prohib -t-atw-anni- -t-atw-adid- -t-atw-itis-
d. nominalizations
VblN a-tw-ann α-tw-adad a-tw-ltas
a-tw-adad a-tw-ltas
For -vCvC- stems, T-ka prefers the T-passive (PerfP -sett-aedzed- 'be
bitten', etc.), though a TW-passive is attested in this dialect (PerfP
-aetw-asdasd-). Other dialects checked (A-grm R) have just the TW-passive for
-vCvC- stems. For A-grm the PerfP is (predictably) -tsew-aedaed-, since A-grm
does not allow Stem-Initial Syncope here.
For T-ka (at least), the TW-passive 'be touched' shows an idiosyncratic
gemination of the stem-medial C, hence PerfP -aetw-aeddaes- from underived
-vdvs- 'touch'. The gemination also occurs in the other attested T-ka prefixal
derivative of this verb, the reciprocal, suggesting a systematic shift to -vddvs-
as this stem's input to prefixal derivation. Note dd, not tt (cf. §3.1.1.8).
Further examples of TW, cited in the Imprt, show that -tvw- is productive
with all types of verb, including full-V-initial, augmented, and heavy stems,
other than the few input types (-vPQvC-, to some extent -vCvC-) shown above
with T-passives: taw-iwad 'be reached' (-uwvd-), taw-iwar 'be delayed'
(-DWVY-), taw-aqr 'be killed' (-νηγυ-), taw-alarr 'be harmed' (-)vrru-),
taw-abla jbalij 'be cut up' (-bvlvjbvlvj-), taw-agaggar 'be insulted'
(-gvggvr-), augmented taw-alanja-t 'be carried on head' (-lvnju- + -t), and
augmented taw-ahuba-t 'be dragged' (-hubu- + -t). Passive taw-ayy 'be left'
can be added, though here it should be pointed out that -uyyu- 'leave' also has
a w-extension in the causative (PerfP -aesw-aeyya- 'cause to leave').
TW-passives of -vCCvC- verbs are uncommon, cf. the regular pattern in (478),
above, but I can cite Imprt taw-aqbal 'be accepted' (whose input stem is an
Arabic borrowing).
In the A-grm dialect, we find long imperfectives of the type LoImpfP
-taw-iedad- 'be bitten', versus -t-ltw-adid- in T-ka and other dialects. The
A-grm type lacks the Lolmpf -t- prefix, and therefore attaches the LoImpfP
ablaut features χ-pcl and χ-pclto the vowel of the prefix -tvw-. This
resembles the long imperfectives of causatives, which also omit Lolmpf -t-
before Causative prefix -s-. The full set of A-grm long imperfective MAN
stems for 'be said' and 'be bitten' is presented in (480).
