470 8 Verbal derivation
(480) Variant A-grm Long Imperfectives of TW-Passives'be said' 'be bitten'long imperfective system
LoImpfP -taw-aenna- -taw-sedad-
LoImpfN -taw-anni- -t-atw-adid-
Prohib -teew-aenna- -t-stw-adid-For the K-d speaker, I recorded an unusual passive verb showing a long
vowel in the final stem syllable, not only in the long imperfectives (where it
is expected due to ablaut formative χ-f) but also in other stems: PerfP
-stw-aennay- '(e.g. camel) be mounted', Imprt taw-annay, LoImpfP
-t-itw-anniy-. A similar example from a Gao-area recording was Resit
n-aefiw-aessan 'we are well-known' (cf. -vssvn- 'know'). Cf. ablaut formatives
α-fand χ-f (§3.4.4).
The -tvw- allomorph is also regular in passives of stems that already
contain another (inner) derivational prefix. Examples are in (481).
(481) TW-Passives of Derived Verbs (gloss, PerfP, Imprt, LoImpfP, VblN)
a. passive-causative (common)-tvw-vs-vstvn- 'be questioned'
PerfP -astw-2es-a2stasn-
Imprt taw-as-astan
LoImpfP -t-itw-as-astin-
VblN a-tw-as-astan-tvw-vs-vmrvr- 'be respected'
PerfP -setw-Ees-aemraer-
Imprt taw-as-amrar
LoImpfP -t-itw-as-armrir-
VblN α-tw-as-amrar = a-taw-as-amrar-tvw-vs-vdrvs- 'be reduced'
PerfP -astw-aes-sedraes-
Imprt taw-as-adras
LoImpfP -t-itw-as-adris-
VblN a-tw-as-adras