502 8 Verbal derivation8.5.6.3 Participles not used with Past kcelaPreverbal particle kaela can be preposed to an inflected verb (PerfP or Resit) to
specify past time reference. When the relevant complex is part of a subject
relative, we get combinations like the definite relatives in (531).(531) a. w-a-\s kaela i-qqima
Dem.Ma-SgAthat Past 3MaSgS-sit.Reslt
'he who was seated'b. w-l-\s kaela aqqimae-n
Ma-Dem.Pl-\that Past sit.Reslt-3MaPlS
'they who were seated'None of the usual participial suffixes are present, either on the inflected
verb (which has its normal form) or on kaela. Instead, we find (following the
demonstrative) a cliticized Instrumental preposition -\s, which is elsewhere
used in 'that' complements and long-distance relatives (§13.7). The same is
true of the indefinite participial in (532), where the clitic is hosted by a noun.(532) ae-halas-tas kaeld i-qqlma
Sg-man-\that Past 3MaSgS-sit.Reslt
'a man who was sitting'8.5.7 Resit Participles with "adjectival" sense
As noted earlier, many word-families with adjectival sense include an inflected
intransitive verb ('be big', 'be red', etc.), which can also occur in participial
form. If the construction is definite (i.e. , when a demonstrative separates the
head noun from the participle), we get the same basic construction described in
earlier sections on definite relatives. However, such adjectival verbs occur
more commonly in the indefinite construction, with no demonstrative. While
PerfP and LoImpfP forms are elicitable, the common "modifying adjective"
form is generally a Resit participle.
A number of these have irregularities, including differences in the Sg and
PI stem in the participles. Because of their text frequency, a generous set of
forms is collected together below. The FeSg forms are always based on the
same stem as the MaSg, with the same accentuation. Not all variants of the
inflected verb stems are shown.
In (533) I display examples involving regular verbs that allow subject
prefixes.