A Grammar of Tamashek (Tuareg of Mali)

556 8 Verbal derivation

t-a-s-skat-t 'finger' [none]

[PI t-i-s-akad]

t-a-s-aqqassn-t 'chewstick' -s-vrvsvn- 'clean teeth'

t-a-s-ass-iwi-t-t '(sent) package' -s-vs-iwvy- 'send'

There are also a few cases where the nominal has the form of a doubly
derived causative-mediopassive verb (583).

(583) Instrumental Nominals in the Form of Doubly Derived Verbal Noun

α-s-amm-anay 'sth to ride on' -vnvy- 'mount'

a-s-amm-ulay '(bone) joint' -ulvy- 'hang'

[variants a-s-amm-άΐί, etc.]

a-s-amm-arras 'slaughtering place' -vrrvs- 'slaughter'

The remaining instrumentals (and locationals etc.) with prefix -s-
discussed in this section are distinct in form from VblN's. There are many
variant shapes. In (584) I show the types with stem-wide melody.

(584) Instrumental Nominals with Melody

form gloss related verb and gloss

a. Ma se-s-aCaC or s-aCaC, Fe t-as-s-aCaC-t (from -uCvC-)

s-ataf 'blister beetle' -s-utvf-'spit'

as-s-anan 'animal being tamed' -υηνη- 'be tamed'

t-as-s-agat-t 'feather' [none]

[variants t-a-s-aggit-t, t-a-s-aggat-t]

b. Ma as-s-aCCaC (from -vPQvC-)

as-s-aqkas 'suckling animal'

c. Ma a-s-aeCCaC (from -vPQvC-)

a-s-aendaw 'tip to milker'

d. Fe t-ae-s-oCCa-t-t (from -s-uPQu-)

t-ae-s-onfa-t-t 'rest'

-vqkvs- 'suckle'

-vndvw- 'discard'

ι

-s-unfu- 'rest'

e. Fe t-a-s-äsCaC-t

t-a-s-äerar-t 'non-milk cow' Imprtlrar 'be dry'

t-a-s-sekaf-t 'non-nursing cow' Imprt ükaf 'be inflated'

[herders blow into its vagina to induce nursing]