A Grammar of Tamashek (Tuareg of Mali)

560 5 Verbal derivation

c. Ma s-üCCsC (from -uPQvC-)

s-ünsaj 'poison' (Im) VblN a-s-ünsaj 'sniff

[variant s-snsag]

d. Ma α-s-iCCa/aeC (from -vPQvC-)

α-s-injad 'turban' (T-md) -vnjvd- 'roll (turban)'

[arguably α-s-lnjaed ; variant a-s-anjad]

e. Ma α-s-uCeC (only example)

a-s-iidem 'last bit of liquid' -s-udvm-'drain'

Finally, in (589) we observe three-part melodies. That in (589.a) is

isolated, and it has no corresponding verb as input. The <H L H> pattern in

(589.b) could be thought of as the trisyllabic counterpart of <L H> in (586),

above.

(589) Instrumental Nominals with Complex Melodies

form gloss related verb and gloss

a. <L Η L>

sohajjar 'Chamaecrista herb' [none]

b. <H L H>

a-s-akkaksl 'sole (of foot)' -ukvl- 'tread'

as-sss-dnjar 'obstacle' -vnjvr- 'hide'

a-s-awwanawan 'stair(s)' -uwvn- 'go up'

[usually in PI form i-s-awwaniwan]

a-s-abbarbar 'exit (place)' -bvrbvr- 'go out'

In (590), the nominal (more or less instrumental) is related not to an
underived stem, rather to a causative stem that already has the -s- prefix.

(590) Nominals Containing Causative -s-

form gloss related verb and gloss

a. t-a-s-ICCaC-t (or ...Ca;C-t)

t-3-s-lnsaq-q 'whistle' -s-unsw- 'whistle'

[arguably t-9-s-Insaeq-q ; variant t-as-sunseq-q (A-grm)]

b. Fe t-as-s-ü(C)CeC-t (for Caus -s-u(C)CvC-)

t-ae-s-utef-t '(a) spit' (T-md) -s-utvf- 'spit'

t-3-s-üdmer-t '(a) reply' -s-udmvr- 'reply'