9.6 Preverbs 589b. waer 0-okaey waeld
Neg 3MaSgS-goe.past.PerfN nothing
'Nothing has been finished.'c. e-daegg [waela ly-aen]
Sg-place [even one-MaSg]
'nowhere'd. wasrAd 0-osa ae-wadam
NegACentrip 3MaSgS-come.PerfN Sg-person
[waela ly-aen]
[even little-Partpl.MaSg]
'Not even one person came.'war i-ja
Neg 3MaSgS-be.done.PerfN
'Nothing at all happened.'[waela andame-n]
[even little-Partpl.MaSg]war srhe-Y
Neg want.PerfN-lSgS
ara-täen-in
child-MaPl-lSgPoss[aAd ajjss-aen
[DemAComit enter.ShImpf-3MaPlS
l-rarm-an faeww!]
Pl-town-MaPl at.all!]
Ί don't want my children to go into the towns at all!.' [K]For wasld ... 'nor ...' in a second, parallel negated phrase bound by the
same Neg particle, see §14.1.2. For external negation, e.g. '(it's) not (the case
that ...)', see §9.5. For baA0-s and variants 'no longer', see §13.6.7. For
combinations of waer with Participial suffixes, e.g. MaSg waer-asn, see
§8.5.6.1.
9.6.3 Future (ad, ar, mar, mad, e)
The Future particle has a form dd in clause-initial position. It is followed
(after any clitics that may be present) by a Shlmpf or (rarely) LoImpfP verb
stem. I was told by informants that there is a dialectal variant ar, but I cannot
identify the dialect(s) in question, and ad is usual in all the dialects I worked
on.
The d of ad is dropped before any clitic, as in αΑΚί i-wat 'he will hit me'
(lSgO clitic Ahi). Perhaps a trace of the *d lingers in the geminated tt of the
3MaSgO clitic Att (postvocalic allomorph), as in aAtt awat-aer Ί will hit
him', but the geminated tt is now part of the clitic and is also heard after
V-final verb stems (§10.3.1).
The alternation of ad and ά in the Future particle results in partial
convergence between this particle and the combination aAd consisting of a