A Grammar of Tamashek (Tuareg of Mali)

11.3 Other discourse particles 621

b. har w-ά waer n-anhey e-sed

until Ma-Dem.Sg Neg lPlS-see.PerfN Sg-donkey

'We still haven't seen the donkey.'

(lit., "Until now, we havent' seen the donkey."])

c. wserAd 0-osa sasdder

NegACentrip 3MaSg-arrive.PerfP yet

'He hasn't come yet.'

The second construction involves a conjunction andi 'before' (cf.

§13.1.1.4), interpretable here literally as '(it is) before ...'. The verb is PerfP.

(706) a. andiAdd 0-osa

beforeACentrip 3MaSg-arrive.PerfP

'He hasn't come yet.' (= 'It is before he has come.')

b. andi n-aksa

before lPlS-eat.PerfP

'We haven't eaten yet.'

Both and! and saedder occur in (707).

(707) t-a-kassi-t-t [andiAsaer-saenAad

Fe-Sg-sprouting-Fe-FeSg [before-\Instr-3MaPlACentrip

t-amda saedder]

3FeSg-PerfP not.yet]

'before the growing (of fresh vegetation) had yet come to an end on

them'