jeff_l
(Jeff_L)
#1
13.6 Verbs and particles with finite complements 689
The particle saernas can be used clause- (or phrase-)initially in the sense
'barely':
(850) saerndsAadd 0-osa d-i-hd
barelyACentrip 3MaSgS-come.PerfP here
'He barely made it here.'
13.6.6 ' (have) just'(iket)
The English perfect of immediacy ('he has just left') can be expressed by the
particle iket followed by a clause with Resit verb (851). In (85l.b), the verb
has undergone χ-pcl Erasure, showing that this construction is treated as a
definite relative. In (851.c), iket is followed by a Centripetal clitic (which is
doubled on the following verb).
(851) a. iket i-mmüt ae-wadam
just 3MaSgS-die.Reslt Sg-person
'Somebody has just died.'
b. iket szjaer-aen
just exit.Reslt-3MaPlS
'They-Ma have just gone out.' [R]
c. ae-saeraju as-raelas
Sg-green.burrgrass Sg-burrgrass
w-a-\s iketAd 0-aemewaed-\3dd
Ma-Dem.Sg just-Centrip 3MaSgS-be.young.Reslt-\Centrip
'ce-sceraju (is) burrgrass that has recently grown.'
d. snhdy-asn t-ae-läeyyeq-q, iketAdasrAsdd
see.Reslt-3MaPl Fe-Sg-hardship-FeSg justAinACentrip
i-qkarAdaeY-sasn "s-jammer
3MaSgS-arise.ResltAin-3MaPl Sg-initial.recovery
darsetι maenna-tasn
after drought-MaPl
'They have seen (=experienced) hardship. It's just recently
that a recovery (from hardship) has arisen (=begun to happen)
among them following the droughts.'
Noun iket (note accent) means 'quantity' or 'good behavior'; see also har
iket i 'until...' (§12.1.6.5) and man-iket 'how much?' §12.3.9-10). One can
imagine an earlier prototype of the type in (851) with demonstrative w-d
following iket, most likely with a cliticized preposition. If so, this construction
was formerly just a special case of a (true) definite non-subject relative, and
