A Grammar of Tamashek (Tuareg of Mali)

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[waerAt ahe-naet] nt-a-nfus-en,
[NegA3MaSgO be.in.PerfN-3FePlS] Fe-PI-story-FePl
'That evening, when they came to him, there were no stories in him
(=he had none).'
[a-\s 'when' clause §13.1.1.1, other clitics follow cliticized
postposition -\s in a-\s §10.4, Neg wcer plus PerfN verb with ablauted
stem vowel e §7.2.2.3, 'be in' §7.3.2.12 with 'story' as subject NP as
shown by Prefix Reduction §3.5.1 ]

(913) ass-astaen-asnAt d
Caus-ask.PerfP-3MaPlS-\3MaSgO Comit
a-w-a-\t 1-jraew-aen,
Dem-Ma-Dem.Sg-\3MaSgO 3MaSg-get.PerfP-Partpl.MaSg
'They asked him about what afflicted (=was wrong with) him.
['ask' is a frozen causative verb, Comitative preposition = 'about'
§6.4.2, subject relative §12.1.1]

(914) [i-ja-\0-saen i-sael-an],
[3MaSgS-do.PerfP-\Dat-3MaPl Pl-news-MaPl]
'He did (=gave) them the news.'

(915) di-hen-daer [a-\ha-s i-nna
Dem-NearDist-Anaph [FocADat-3Sg 3MaSgS-say.PerfP
rure-s] [w-ά η Vmaknud]
son-3SgPoss] [Ma-Dem.Sg Poss Sg-midget]
[a-\d 0-away] e-haed
[DemAComit 3MaSgS-bring.ShImpf] Sg-night
snta [ad hsnni-s] d elle-s
3Sg [with wife-3SgPoss] with daughter-3SgPoss
ayya-nAa-sAad
leave.ShImpf-3MaPlSADat-3Sg-\Centrip
ά-lyad [w-ά η ^ae-maedray]
Sg-child [Ma-Dem.Sg Poss Sg-younger.sib]
'That [focus] is when his son, the midget, told him (=truthful man) to
bring the night (=leave at night), him (=truthful man) and his wife and
his daughter, and that they (all) should leave for him (=midget) there
the younger boy.'
[focalized adverbial §12.2.4, two cases of demonstrative as head of
oppositional NP §5.1.1.1, three inalienable kin terms with 3SgPoss -s
§5.2.3, biclausal jussive complement of 'say' §13.3]

(916) ajae-n a-w-en-dasr
do.PerfP-3MaPlS Dem-Ma-Dist-Anaph
'They did that.'

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