CHUYÊN ĐỀ 9
LIÊN TỪ (CONJUNCTIONS)
* PHẦN 1: LÝ THUYẾT
- A conjunction is used to join words or group of words
- Kinds of conjunctions
1, Coordinating conjunctions
2, Correlative conjunctions
3, Subordinating conjunctions
4, Conjunctive Adverbs
I. Coordinating Conjunctions
The short, simple conjunctions are called "coordinating conjunctions":
- and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so
A coordinating conjunction joins parts of a sentence (for example words or independent clauses) that are
grammatically equal or similar. A coordinating conjunction shows that the elements it joins are similar in
importance and structure:
Look at these examples - the two elements that the coordinating conjunction joins are shown in square
brackets [ ]: - I like [tea] and [coffee].
- [Ram likes tea], but [Anthony likes coffee].
Coordinating conjunctions always come between the words or clauses that they join.
When a coordinating conjunction joins independent clauses, it is always correct to place a comma before
the conjunction: - I want to work as an interpreter in the future, so I am studying Russian at university.
However, if the independent clauses are short and well-balanced, a comma is not really essential: - She is kind so she helps people.
When "and" is used with the last word of a list, a comma is optional: - He drinks beer, whisky, wine, and rum.
- He drinks beer, whisky, wine and rum.
The 7 coordinating conjunctions are short, simple words. They have only two or three letters. There's an
easy way to remember them - their initials spell:
F A N B O Y S
For And Nor But Or Yet So
II. Correlative Conjunctions
Correlative conjunctions are sort of like tag-team conjunctions. They come in pairs, and you have to use
both of them in different places in a sentence to make them work. They get their name from the fact that
they work together (co-) and relate one sentence element to another. Correlative conjunctions include pairs
like “both/and,” “whether/or,” “either/or,” “neither/nor,” “not/but” and “not only/but also. ”
- I want either the cheesecake or the frozen hot chocolate.
- I’ll have both the cheesecake and the frozen hot chocolate.
- I didn’t know whether you’d want the cheesecake or the frozen hot chocolate, so I got you both.
- Oh, you want neither the cheesecake nor the frozen hot chocolate? No problem.
- I’ll eat them both - not only the cheesecake but also the frozen hot chocolate.
- I see you’re in the mood not for dessert but appetizers. I’ll help you with those too.
Here are some more pairs of correlative conjunctions: