(^2) Southern China
Following Kublai’s accession as
khan, the long war to conquer the
Southern Song culminated in the
Mongol victory at the 1279 Battle
of Yamen. Chinese expertise in
training the Mongol navy was a
key to the triumph.
(^6) Myanmar
The Empire of Pagan (in modern
Myanmar) also refused to pay
tribute to Kublai Khan. The Battle
of Ngasaunggyan in 1277 dealt
the empire a devastating defeat,
essentially ending 250 years of
Pagan rule in the area.
(^4) Vietnam
Kublai’s first invasion of Dai
Viet (Vietnam) was undertaken
under Möngke Khan in 1258,
using Yi soldiers from Vietnam
and Thailand. The invasions of
1285-87 (when Kublai was great
khan) employed Chinese troops.
BRIDGEMAN/ACI
JAPANESE WARRIORS
DEFEAT THE MONGOLS
AT SEA IN THIS DETAIL
FROM THE “MOKO
SHURAI EKOTOBA,” A
SCROLL DEPICTING THE
MONGOL INVASIONS,
PAINTED 1275-1293.
MUSEUM OF THE
IMPERIAL COLLECTIONS,
TOKYO.
KUBLAI’S TROOPS
CROSS A FLOATING
BRIDGE TO LAY
SIEGE TO THE
SOUTHERN SONG
FORTRESS O-CHOU.
THIS 16TH-CENTURY
ILLUSTRATION WAS
CREATED IN THE
MOGUL COURT OF
AKBAR THE GREAT,
LAHORE. GOLESTAN
IMPERIAL LIBRARY,
TEHRAN
WERNER FORMAN/GTRES
brent
(Brent)
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