and risk 158–59, 160
technoscience 338
virtual worlds and simulacra 198–99
terrorism
and cultural structures 209
moral panic theory 290
and risk 158, 161
therapy culture 303
Thorpe, Christopher 206
Tomlinson, John 123
Tönnies, Ferdinand 18, 32–33, 102,
105, 114, 115–16
tourism, and liquid modernity 142–43
Townsend, Peter 65, 74
transnational companies, and global
cities 165
Turner, Bryan S. 338
UV
UK
Chilcot Inquiry 260
Clean Air Act 148
industrialism 66, 67, 144
Poverty and Social Exclusion survey
74
same-sex marriage 324
UN
Kyoto Protocol 148
Universal Declaration of Human
Rights 64
urbanization 102–03, 145, 181, 325
class inequality 84–87
and gender 329
gentrification and urban life 128–31
global cities 164–65
mental life of the metropolis 104–05
public and private spaces 107
rational modernity 38–45
right to the city 106–07
sidewalks, importance of 109
stranger, social role of 104, 105
urban community 108–09
urban regeneration 129–30
see also modern living
Urry, John 135, 162
US
black ghettos 82–83
Civil Rights Act 64, 70
Continental Congress 27
Declaration of Independence 26–27
double-consciousness of African-
Americans 71
female emancipation 26–27, 298
Freedmen’s Bureau 71–72
McCarthyism 46
marital rape as crime 306
New Left 49
racial segregation and violence
72–73
“separate but equal” schools 70
slavery history 27, 71–72
Veblen, Thorstein 212, 213, 214–19,
246
Vega, Rodrigo Cordero 286
voluntarism 124–25W
Walby, Sylvia 65, 96–99, 213, 249
Wallerstein, Immanuel 134, 144–45,
150–51
Warner, Michael 329–30
waste, and conspicuous consumption
217–18
Weber, Max 13, 14
class conflict 31, 64
Protestant work ethic 19, 102,
220–23, 234–35, 258
rationalization 19, 37, 38–45, 47,
122–23, 252
Webster, Frank 155
Weeks, Jeffrey 297, 303, 311, 324–25,
329, 331
welfare state, and liquid modernity 141
White, Harrison 152
Wichterich, Christa 249
Wilkinson, Richard 65
Williams, Raymond 174, 189
Willis, Paul 253, 292–93
Wilson, Bryan 253, 257, 278–79
Wittig, Monique 309, 317Woodhead, Linda 258
Woodward, Sophie 247
Wootton, Anthony 195
Wootton, Barbara Adam 335
work and consumerism 212–13
alienation 40–45, 87, 122, 123, 213
228–230, 232–33, 236, 239, 242
American Dream 262–63
capitalism and consumer desire 235
conspicuous consumption 214–19
consumer society 212–13
consumerism as mass deception 235
de-skilling 226–31
denim phenomenon 247
emotional labor 236–43
feminization of work 248–49
labor unions and workers’
collectives 245
material culture 246–47
pecuniary emulation 218–19
post-industrialism 224–25
Protestant work ethic 41–42,
220–23, 258
pursuit of profit 221–22
Romantic ethic and consumer culture
234–35
social prestige and cultural
omnivores 219
taste and material culture 247
workers’ consent, managing 244–45
workplace “games” 245
worldly success and salvation 222–23
see also capitalism; consumerism
worker empowerment, automated work
processes 232
workforce mobility 33
World Social Forum 150, 151
world-system theory 144–45
Wortham, Anne 74
Wright Mills, Charles 14, 19, 44, 46–49,
131, 238, 239YZ
Young, Jock 284–85, 290
Zukin, Sharon 103, 128–31350