xii
Abbreviations: a selection
ECHR European Convention on Human Rights
EDP Electronic Data Processing
EFF Electronic Frontier Foundation
ENG Electronic News Gathering
FAIR Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting (US)
fax facsimile
FCC Federal Communications Commission (US)
FM Frequency Modulation
FOIA Freedom of Information Act
GCHQ Government Communications Headquarters
GFA Global Framework Agreement
GPS Global Positioning System
GUI Graphical User Interface
HBO Home Box Offi ce (US)
HDTV High-Defi nition Television
HDVS High-Defi nition Video System
HF High Frequency
HTML Hypertext Markup Language
HTTPS Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
IAD Internet Addiction Disorder
IAMCR International Association for Media & Communication Research
IC Integrated Circuit
ICA International Communication Association
IFJ International Federation of Journalists
IMC Independent Media Centre
Intelsat International Telecommunications Satellite (Consortium)
IPA Institute of Practitioners in Advertising
IPC Interpersonal Communication
IPR Intellectual Property Right
ISBN International Standard Book Number
ISA Ideological State Apparatus
ISP Internet Service Provider
IT Information Technology
ITU International Telecommunications Union
ITV Independent Television
IWMF International Women’s Media Foundation
JICNAR Joint Industrial Council for Newspaper Audience Research
JICTAR Joint Independent Committee for TV Advertising Research
LAN Local Area Network
laser light amplifi cation by stimulating emission radiation
LED Light Emitting Diode
LSI Large-scale Integration
MEF Media Education Foundation
MO Mass Observation
modem modulator-demodulator
MPAA Motion Picture Association of America
MR Motivation Research
NBC National Broadcasting Company (US)
NFT National Film Th eatre
NGO Non-Governmental Agency
NN Net Neutrality
NPA Newspaper Publishers Association (UK)
NSM New Social Movement