Notes to Pages 20–23 155
Theophr. C har. 6.3, Paus. 6.22.1), 150–51 (with Ar. Plut. 1050–94); Hesychius s .v. Brudalícha,
Brullıchıstaí, deıkēlıstaí (with Plut. Ages. 21.8, Mor. 212f, and Schol. Ap. Rhod. Argon. 1.746), ther
mastrís, kalabís, kórdax, kordakízeıa, kordakısmoí, koruthalístrıaı (with Ath. 4.139a–b), kulínthıon,
kúnthıon, kúrıthra, kurıttoí, turbasía, and Phot. Bibl. s.v. kallabís, móthōn (with Ath. 14.618c), in
light of R. M. Dawkins, “Excavations at Sparta, 1906: 6. Remains of the Archaic Greek Period,” and
R. C. Bosanquet, “7. The Cult of Orthia as Illustrated by the Finds,” ABSA 12 (1905–6): 318–30
(esp. 324–26), 331–43 (esp. 338–43); Guy Dickins, “The Terracotta Masks,” in The Sanctuary of
Artemis Orthia at Sparta, ed. R. M. Dawkins (London: Macmillan, 1929), 163–86 (with plates
xlvii–lxii); and Arthur Pickard-Cambridge, Dithyramb, Tragedy and Comedy, second edition, rev.
T. B. L. Webster (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1962), 132–87 (esp. 132–37, 162–69). After
digesting this material, peruse Pl. Resp. 3.412e–414a and Leg. 1.633a–2.674c (esp. 671b–d),
7.812b–817d (esp. 815c–d, 816d–e), note Ephraim David, “Sparta’s Social Hair,” Eranos 90 (1992):
11–21; ponder the seminal discussion of Jean-Pierre Vernant, “Between Shame and Glory: The
Identity of the Young Spartan Warrior,” 220–43; and see Ducat, SE, 139–222, 249–79. Note, in this
connection, Jean-Pierre Vernant and Françoise Frontisi-Ducroux, “Features of the Mask in An-
cient Greece,” in Jean-Pierre Vernant and Pierre Vidal-Naquet, Myth and Tragedy in Ancient
Greece, trans. Janet Lloyd (New York: Zone Books, 1988), 189–206 (esp. 195–201), and Jane Burr
Carter, “The Masks of Ortheia,” AJA 91:3 (July 1987): 355–83. For comparative data from other
Greek cities, see Françoise Frontisi-Ducroux, “L’Homme, le cerf, et le berger: Chemins grecs de la
civilité,” TR 4 (1983): 53–76, and Denise Fourgous, “Gloire et infamie des seigneurs de l’Eubée,”
Metis 2 (1987): 5–30; and consider H. J. Rose, “Greek Rites of Stealing,” HThR 34 (1941): 1–5, with
Hdt. 3.48. Spartans free in fullest sense of the word: Critias Vorsokr.^6 88 B37.
- Tyrtaeus F10 (West). Good for stirring up the néoı: Plut. Cleom. 2.4 with Appendix 2,
below. Cf. Plut. Mor. 235f with 959a–b.
42.Tyrtaeus F11 (West).
43.Cf. Tyrtaeus F12 (West) with Hom. Il. 11.784 (cf. 6.208–9) and Od. 1.1–3. See, in partic-
ular, Werner Jaeger, “Tyrtaeus on True Arete,” in Jaeger, Five Essays, tr. Adele M. Fiske (Montreal:
Mario Casalini, 1966), 103–42. See also H. James Shey, “Tyrtaeus and the Art of Propaganda,”
Arethusa 9 (1976): 5–28; Charles Fuqua, “Tyrtaeus and the Cult of Heroes,” GRBS 22 (1981):
215–26; and Theodore A. Tarkow, “Tyrtaeus 9D: The Role of Poetry in the New Sparta,” AC 52
(1983): 48–69.
44.Tyrtaeus F12.1–9 (West).
45.Tyrtaeus F12.10–22 (West). - Cf. Hom. Il. 22.38–76 with Tyrtaeus F10.23–27 (West). See P. A. L. Greenhalgh, “Patri-
otism in the Homeric World,” Historia 21:4 (4th Quarter 1972): 528–37.
47.Burial of ordinary Spartans: Arist. F611.13 (Rose) = Tit. 143.1.2.13 (Gigon) ap. Heraclid.
Lemb. 373.13 (Dilts). Burial of champions: see, for example, Paus. 3.12.9, 14.1, and note R. Ball,
“Herodotos’ List of the Spartans Who Died at Thermopylai,” MusAfr 5 (1976): 1–8, and W. R.
Connor, “Pausanias 3.14.1: A Sidelight on Spartan History, C. 440 B.C.,” TAPhA 109 (1979): 21– - Only those who died in battle had their names inscribed on their tombstones: consider IG V i
701–3, 706–7 in light of Plut. Lyc. 27.3, Mor. 238d, and see Franz Willemsen, “Zu den Lakedä-
moniergräbern im Kerameikos,” MDAI(A) 92 (1977): 117–57. Those who distinguished them-
selves in so dying might receive the prize of valor [arısteîa] and even become the subject of song:
see Pritchett, GSW, II 285; note Plut. Lyc. 21.2 and Ael. VH 6.6; and consider Bölte, “Zu La-
konischen Festen,” 124–32 (esp. 130 n. 6), and Henry Theodore Wade-Gery, “A Note on the Origin
of the Spartan Gymnopaidiai,” CQ 43:1/2 (January–April 1949): 79–81 (esp. 80 n. 4), in conjunc-
tion with Hdt. 1.82. See Hodkinson, PWCS, 237–70, and Polly Low, “Commemorating the Spartan
War-Dead,” in S W, 85–109.
48.Tyrtaeus F12.23–34 (West). Note Xen. Hell. 5.4.33. - Tyrtaeus F12.35–44 (West). There were formal mechanisms for selecting those who had
distinguished themselves: consider Hdt. 8.124 and Thuc. 2.25.2 in light of David M. Lewis, Sparta
and Persia (Leiden: Brill, 1977), 42 n. 102, and see Plut. Ages. 34.8–11 (with Ael. VH 6.3 and Poly-
aen. 2.9), 35.1–2.
50.Ritual preparations for combat designed to discomfit the foe: cf. Hdt. 7.208–9 with 1.82,
and see Xen. Lac. Pol. 11.3, 13.8; Plut. Mor. 238f; Ael. VH 6.6. According to Tacitus (Germ. 38), the