162 Notes to Pages 32–37
Liberty or License?” in Cartledge, SR, 106–26. Ellen Millender, “Athenian Ideology and the Em-
powered Spartan Woman,” in SNS, 355–91, and Stephen Hodkinson, “Female Property Owner-
ship and Empowerment in Classical and Hellenistic Sparta,” in SpartSoc, 103–36, may be right in
some measure in suspecting that the ancient testimony concerning Spartan women, which is
largely Athenian, reflects bias and hostility. But this does not mean that this testimony is wholly
or even largely inaccurate. For a thorough review of the evidence for the lives of women at Lace-
daemon, see Pomeroy, S Wo, passim. Note Xen. Hell. 6.5.28. The example set by Lacedaemon in
this particular has on occasion stirred interest outside the ranks of classicists: see, for example,
Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex (New York: Knopf, 1952), 82.
- Law of Epitadeus: Plut. Agis 5.3–7 with Appendix 1. Oracle warning love of money to
destroy Lacedaemon: Arist. F544 (Rose ) = F430, 550 (Gigon), Diod. 7.12.5, Plut. Mor. 239f. For
additional citations, see Joseph Fontenrose, The Delphic Oracle: Its Responses and Operations with
a Catalogue of Responses (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978), 272: Q10. - Isocrates on the Lacedaemonian fear of reproach: 6.59. Three hundred who accompany
Leonidas mature men with surviving sons: Hdt. 7.205.2 read in light of 220.3–4.
83.Cowards put to death: Lycurg. 1.129–30. - Cowards expelled from hómoıoı, shunned, degraded: Xen. Lac. Pol. 9.4–6, 10.7; Plut.
Ages. 30.2–4. Fate of those Spartans dispatched to Thermopylae but not killed: cf. Hdt. 7.232 with
229–31, 9.71. In this connection, see Tyrtaeus F11.14 (West) with Plut. Ages. 30.2–4, and consider
David, “Laughter in Spartan Society,” 1–25 (esp. 13–17), and Jean Ducat, “The Spartan ‘Trem-
blers,’ ” in S W, 1–55. - Hdt. 1.82. Site of battle: Paus. 2.38.6–7 with W. Kendrick Pritchett, “Pausanias’ Anigraia
Route and Anthene,” in SAGT, III 102–42; “Pseudo-Skylax and Pausanias on the Thyreatis,” in
SAGT, VI 91–101; and “A Road on Mount Zavitsa,” in SAGT VII, 169–77. After reading Chapter 3,
note 3, below, cf. Noel Robertson, Festivals and Legends: The Formation of Greek Cities in the Light
of Public Ritual (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1992), 179–207, who treats the Battle of
Champions as a figment of the aetiological imagination, with J. Kendrick Pritchett, “Aetiology sans
Topography: 2. Thyreatis and the Battle of Champions,” in Thucydides’ Pentekontaetia and Other
Essays (Amsterdam: J. C. Gieben, 1995), 228–62.
86.Xenophon on Lechaeum: Hell. 4.5.11–19 (esp. 14).
87.Lacedaemonian contingent at Sphacteria: Thuc. 4.37–40. - Spartan treatment of men taken prisoner at Sphacteria: Thuc. 5.34.2, Diod. 12.76.1. See
Thuc. 4.19.1, 108.7, 5.15–24. - Agesilaus’ handling of survivors of battle of Leuctra: Plut. Ages. 30.2–6, Mor. 191c; Poly-
aen. Strat. 2.1.13. - Spartan conduct in the wake of Leuctra: Xen. Hell. 6.4.16. See Plut. Ages. 29. Xenophon
reports much the same phenomenon in connection with the disaster at Lechaeum: Hell. 4.5.10. - Pericles on Spartan preeminence in efforts to promote civil courage: Thuc. 2.39.1. Insti-
tutions at Sparta promote homónoıa: Xen. Mem. 3.5.15–16; Isoc. 12.177–79, 258–59; Dem.
20.107–8; Polyb. 6.48.2–5; Diod. 7.12.2–4. Note also Xen. Ages. 1.4, Lys. 33.7, Dem. 20.107–8,
Polyb. 6.46.6–8. In this connection, see Arist. Pol. 1306a9–12. General Will: Rousseau, Du Contrat
social 1.6–2.7, 3.10, 4.1, in Œuvres complètes de Rousseau, III 360–84, 421–23, 437–39.
Chapter 2. Polıteía
- See Lewis Namier, The Structure of Politics at the Accession of George III, second edition
(London: Macmillan, 1957), x–xi, first published in 1929.
2. This aspect of Namier’s argument has attracted considerable criticism: see Harvey C.
Mansfield, Jr., “Sir Lewis Namier Considered,” Journal of British Studies 2 (November 1962): 28–
55; cf. Robert Walcott, “ ‘Sir Lewis Namier Considered’ Considered,” ibid. 3:2 (May 1964): 85–108,
with Mansfield, “Sir Lewis Namier Again Considered,” ibid. 3:2 (May 1964): 109–19; and note
Quentin Skinner, “The Principles and Practice of Opposition: The Case of Bolingbroke versus
Walpole,” in Historical Perspectives: Studies in English Thought and Society in Honour of J. H.
Plumb, ed. Neil McKendrick (London: Europa, 1974), 93–128.