184 Notes to Pages 100–103
The Eynomia of Tyrtaios,” CQ 38:1/2 (January–April 1944): 1–9 and “The Spartan Rhetra in
Plutarch, Lycurgus VI: C. What Is the Rhetra?” CQ 38:3/4 (July–October 1944): 115–26, reprinted
in Wade-Gery, EGH, 54–85. Then, consider W. G. G. Forrest, “The Date of the Lykourgan Reforms
in Sparta,” Phoenix 17:3 (Autumn 1963): 157–79, and A History of Sparta, 950–192 B.C., second
edition (London: Hutchinson University Library, 1980), 40–68.
8.Paus. 3.2.5.
9.List of ephors eponymous: Timaeus of Tauromenium FGrH 566 T10 and Apollod. FGrH
244 F335a with Robert Sherk, “The Eponymous Officials of Greek Cities: Mainland Greece and
the Adjacent Islands,” ZPE 84 (1990): 231–95 (at 241–43). List supposed a late invention: Richer,
Les Éphores, 67–73. Ephors at Thera: IG XII iii 322, 326, 330, 336. Ephors at Taras: SEG XL 901
read in light of IG XIV 645 and SEG XXX 1162–70. Presence at Taras evidence for existence of
ephorate in eighth-century Lacedaemon: Arnold J. Toynbee, “Sparta’s Constitutional Develop-
ment,” in Toynbee, SPGH, 213–49 (at 218–19, n. 6). Unsupported claim that Spartan institutions
adopted abroad long after colonies founded: Massimo Nafissi, La Nascita del Kosmos: Studi sulla
storia e la società di Sparta (Naples: Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, 1991), 114–15, n. 57, and “From
Sparta to Taras: Nomima, Ktiseis and Relationships Between Colony and Mother City,” in SNS,
245–72 (at 247–49), as well as Sommer, Das Ephorat, 11–12.
10.Elected archons at Athens: Epit. Her. 1 [Kenyon], Arist. Ath. Pol. 3.1–4. Eupatrid aristoc-
racy dominant there: Plut. Thes. 25.1–2; Arist. Ath. Pol. 3.1–6, 8.2, 13.2; Poll. Onom. 8.111 with
Henry Theodore Wade-Gery, “Eupatridai, Archons, and Areopagus,” CQ 25:1–2 (January and
April 1931): 1–11, 77–89, reprinted in Wade-Gery, EGH, 86–115. Cf. Thomas J. Figueira, “The Ten
Archontes of 579/8 at Athens,” Hesperia 53:4 (October–December 1984): 447–73, who believes
that the term eupatrid is indicative of partisan approval and political aspiration and does not, as
Wade-Gery argues and I believe, denote a caste analogous to the Roman patricians. Shift from
Bacchiad kingship at Corinth to annual magistrate chosen from Bacchiad clan: Diod. 7.9, Paus.
2.4.4, Hdt. 5.92β.1, Euseb. Chron. 1.220–22 (Schoene-Petermann). Prerogatives of Heraclid kings
at Argos sharply reduced: Paus. 2.19.2 in light of Arist. Pol. 1310b26–27.
11.Lycurgus curbs powers of nephew Charillos at Sparta: Ephorus FGrH 70 F147–49; Arist.
F611.10 (Rose) = Tit. 143.1.2.10 (Gigon) ap. Heraclid. Lemb. 372.10 (Dilts), Pol. 1271b20–31,
1316a30–34; Plut. Lyc. 3–5.
- Spartan polıteía: Hdt. 9.33–35 (esp. 34.1). Rule of law first emerges on Crete: ML no. 2
with Lilian H. Jeffery, Archaic Greece: The City States, c. 700–500 B.C. (New York: St. Martin’s
Press, 1976), 188–95. Hereditary monarch at Thera: Hdt. 4.147–50, IG XII iii 762, Paus. 3.1.7–8.
Also at Taras: Hdt. 3.136.2. Board of ephors at Thera: IG XII iii 322, 326, 330, 336. Cyrene founded
as colony of Thera ca. 630: Hdt. 4.150–67, ML no. 5 (with Paus. 3.14.2–3). Euhesperides as colony
of Cyrene: Theotimos FGrH 470 F1. In existence by about 600: Ahmed Buzaian and John A. Lloyd,
“Early Urbanism in Cyrenaica: New Evidence from Euesperides (Benghazi),” LibStud 27 (1996):
129–52. See also Hdt. 4.204. Gerousía at Cyrene and Euhesperides: SEG IX 1 (with Hdt. 4.165.1),
XVIII 772 with Peter M. Fraser, “An Inscription from Euesperides,” Bulletin, société royale
d’archéologie d’Alexandrie 39 (1951): 132–43 and “Corrigendum,” ibid. (1953): 62, as well as Simon
Hornblower, Thucydides and Pindar: Historical Narrative and the World of Epinikian Poetry (Ox-
ford: Oxford University Press, 2005), 246–47, and C T, III 641. Note Thuc. 7.50.1–2. Officeholding
on Thera restricted to descendants of original settlers: Arist. Pol. 1290b7–14. Possibility that there
were helots on the island: Ove Hansen, “Were the Native Inhabitants of Thera Called Helots by the
Spartan Colonists?” AJPh 105:3 (Autumn 1984): 326–27. - Selection of ephors akin to lottery: Pl. Leg. 3.692a. Hoı túchontes chosen: Arist. Pol.
1270b29. - Three ephors, not five, at Thera (IG XII iii 330, 336), Taras (cf. SEG XL 901 with IG XIV
645 and SEG XXX 1162–70), Geronthrae (IG V i 1114), Taenarum (IG V i 1240–41), and probably
Kardamyle (IG V i 1331). Spartan army once based on three Dorian tribes: Tyrtaeus F19 (West),
Paus. 4.7.8. - Five arbitrators: Plut. Sol. 10.6. Five sunktístaı appointed for colony: Hdt. 5.46. Five
judges at Plataea: Thuc. 3.52.3. In Roman times, if not also in the classical period, five Bídaıoı
presided over the ritual conflict of the ephebes at Platanistas: Paus. 3.11.2.