186 Notes to Pages 106–11
Sparta?” in FS, 113–24, who rightly, in my judgment, locate the crucial developments in the con-
text of Sparta’s seventh-century reconquest of Messenia. In this connection, see also Meier, Aris
tokraten und Damoden, 186–324.
24.Milesian notable at Sparta: Hdt. 5.49–51.
25.Geographical challenges: Felix Bölte, RE s.v. Sparta: C. Geographie (1929): III A:2 1294–
1373 (at 1343–47); W. Kendrick Pritchett, “Greek Section of Peutinger Table,” in SAGT, III 197–
288 (at 258–61), “The Topography of Tyrtaios and the Messenian Wars,” in SAGT, V 1–68 (with
the attendant plates), and “Pausanias’ Derai of the Second Messenian War,” in SAGT, VII 179–81;
Jacqueline Christien, “Promenades en Laconie,” DHA 15 (1989): 75–105, “Les Liaisons entre
Sparte et son territoire malgré l’encadrement montagneux,” in Montagnes, fleuves, forêts dans l’his
toire: Barrières ou lignes de convergence? ed. Jean-François Bergier (St. Katharinen: Scripta Merca-
turae Verlag, 1989), 14–44, and “The Lacedaemonian State: Fortifications, Frontiers, and Histori-
cal Problems,” in S W, 163–83; and Giannēs Y. A. Pikoulas, “Hē Denthelıātıs kaì tò hodıkó tēs
díktyo (Schólıa stē`n IG V i 1431),” in Praktıkà toû 3. Topıkoû Sınedríou Messēnıakōn Spoudōn
(Athens: Peloponnesiaka Supplement No. 18, 1991), 279–88. For a synoptic view of the road sys-
tem developed by Lacedaemon, see Giannēs Y. A. Pikoulas, To Hodıko Dıktyo tēs Lakōnıkēs (Ath-
ens: Ēoros, 2012), passim (esp. 111–36, 393–435, 456–59, 492–502, 562–64). All of this should be
read in light of W. Kendrick Pritchett, “Ancient Greek Roads,” in SAGT, III 143–96 (esp. 167–94).
- Hom. Od. 3.477–4.2.
27.See Vassilis Aravantinos and Adamanti Vasilogramvrou, “The First Linear B Documents
from Agios Vasileios (Laconia),” in Études mycéniennes, 2010: Actes du XIIIe colloque international
sur les textes égéens, ed. Pierre Carlier et al. (Pisa: Fabrizio Serra Editore, 2012), 42–54. According
to more recent reports in the press, the palace had ten rooms. - Leuctron: Thuc. 5.54.1; Xen. Hell. 6.5.24; Paus. 8.27.4; Plut. Cleom. 6.2, Pelop. 20.4. For
the road, see W. Kendrick Pritchett, “Pausanias’ Road from Megalopolis to the Lakonian Frontier,”
in SAGT, V 69–76 (with the attendant plates). - Location of Oresthasion: Hdt. 9.11.2 and Thuc. 5.64.1–3 read in light of Paus. 8.3.1–2,
27.3, 44.1–3, with H C T, V 91–93, and Thomas Heine Nielsen, “Arkadia,” in I A C P, 505–39 (at 525):
no. 287. Note Pherecydes FGrH 3 F135a, Eur. El. 1273–75, Thuc. 4.134.1. Early on, citizens hostile
to Lacedaemon: Paus. 8.29.3, 41.1. For later uses of this route as a way into Arcadia, see Xen. Hell.
6.5.10–11, 7.5.9. Alcamenes at Ampheia: Paus. 4.5.8–10, 7.3. Location of Ampheia: Giannēs Y. A.
Pikoulas, “Tò pólısma Ámpheıa (Paus. 4.5.9),” Praktıkà toû 3. Diethnoûs Sunedríou Pelopon
nēsıakōn Spoudōn (Athens: Peloponnesiaka Supplement No. 13:2, 1987–88), 479–85.
3 0. Epaminondas and Megalopolis: Diod. 15.66.1–2, 68–69, 71.6–72.4; Paus. 8.27.1–8,
9.13–14.
3 1.Messenians, Arcadians, Argives: Hdt. 5.49.8 with Arist. Pol. 1269a39–1269b5 1270a1–3. - Indications that early on Sicyon, Aegina, and Epidaurus recognized Argos’ hegemony:
Hdt. 6.92, Thuc. 5.53. Argive control of Cythera and coastline from Cynouria to Malea: Hdt.
1.82.2. Aid given Helos against Alcamenes: Paus. 3.2.7. See Matt Kõiv, “Cults, Myths and State
Formation in Archaic Argos,” in When Gods Spoke: Researches and Reflections on Religious Phe
nomena and Artefacts, ed. Peeter Espak, Märt Läänemets, and Vladimir Sazonov (Tartu: Univer-
sity of Tartu Press, 2015), 125–64 (esp. 126–40). - Asine from the Argolid to Messenia: Paus. 2.36.4–5, 3.7.4, 4.8.3, 14.3, 34.9–11, with
Catherine Morgan and Todd Whitelaw, “Pots and Politics: Ceramic Evidence for the Rise of the
Argive State,” AJA 95:1 (January 1991): 79–108 (at 83), who point to evidence that Asine in the
Argolid was sacked in the late eighth century, and Victor Parker, “Some Dates in Early Spartan
H i s t o r y,” Klio 75 (1993): 45–60 (at 54–56). Cf. Isabelle Ratinaud-Lachkar, “Insoumise Asiné? Pour
une Mise en perspective des sources littéraires et archéologiques relatives à la destruction d’Asiné
par Argos en 715 avant notre ère,” OAth 29 (2004): 73–88, whose argument is based on the false
presumption that there is no reliable evidence for Argive-Spartan enmity in the early archaic pe-
riod, with Kõiv, “Cults, Myths and State Formation in Archaic Argos,” 126–40.
34.Argives and Arcadians aid Messenian revolt: Tyrtaeus F23a (West). - Survey data and archaeological evidence: The Minnesota Messenian Expedition: Recon
structing a Bronze Age Regional Environment, ed. William A. McDonald and George R. Rapp, Jr.
(Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1972); William A. McDonald and William D. E.