FoundationalConceptsNeuroscience

with the plants tells how and for what they are to be used. The other type of AChR is activated by the molecule muscarine, ident ...

The study of how psychoactive drugs interact with the brain is called psychopharmacology. More is said about nicotine in Chapter ...

Figure 8.3. Deadly nightshade, Atropa belladonna. In addition to slowing intestinal motility and dilating the pupil of the eye, ...

moderate increase in dose often produces disorientation and con- fusion. This may be accompanied by intense hallucinatory activi ...

example, as a pulmonary inhaler) without the additional complica- tion of CNS effects. The major poison in Atropa belladonna is ...

Not too many people on the planet are intentionally ingesting nightshade plants containing atropine and scopolamine. However, ps ...

from the transformation of sugars found in plants. The transforma- tion is accomplished by the metabolic action of fermentation ...

Arecoline How about the fifth most widely used psychoactive drug in the world? Most likely it is the cannabis plant (genus Canna ...

Figure 8.5. The tea plant, Camellia sinensis, native to East Asia. Most of the strange molecules found in plants have not been c ...

their poisonous and their medicinal properties. These days we under- stand this in terms of the effects of certain chemical cons ...

CHAPTER 9 Psychoactive Drugs The British and Dutch East India Companies were the world’s first multinational corporations and wi ...

(^9) CHs 0 H Q 7 CH; H3C s N N H3C ‘ N N H ~N N O a ~N N ee 07 oe N N ae o ae ~N N I I CH3 CH CH3 Caffeine Theophylline Theobrom ...

commercially manufactured sweetened and flavored beverages gener- ally contain more caffeine than traditional soft drinks. Caffe ...

Adenosine receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Thus, adenosine’s effect as an inhibitory neurotransmitter is not a ...

Nicotine. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotiana rustica, and related species) is a plant native to the Americas (Fig. 9.1). The ...

too, have nAChRs that can be overstimulated by nicotine. In humans, nicotine poisoning produces disruptions in heart rhythm, blo ...

ety and insomnia. Examples—given here with generic, or chemical, names and in some cases trademark brand names used in the Unite ...

the benzodiazepine class, all of which share certain features of chemi- cal structure. N Ae Na a eh A H \ ‘ , Diazepam sectsatea ...

signals locally. General anesthetics are potent sedative-hypnotics administered during surgical procedures. They act in the brai ...

relaxing, anxiety-reducing (anxiolytic) effects at low doses, impaired movement and memory storage at higher does, loss of consc ...