of cattle to be used for meat broth, an important staple that the Warka
“were accustomed to eating.”The new recruits asked that food cattle be
purchased for them because their agricultural duties producing food for
Qing military operations left no time for hunting. Indeed, Warka officers
had been explicitly ordered to ensure that“when these ignorant people go
hunting, they have not been careless in cultivation.”^95 These exchanges
indicate Warka foraging culture’s disruption by an imperial arablist
agenda that required adaptation as New Manchus to a new ecological
and cultural habitat.
The Warka could also resist adaptation by“desertion,”as the Manchu
regulars dispatched to apprehend them called it. Some newly arrived
table 2New Manchu Banner Companies’Relocation Routes to
Ningguta, 1678
(Clan)/Banner
Companya
SAH Home
VillageNo. of
HouseholdsNo. of Adult
MalesInitial
Destinationb(Meljere)
Kelde Ektin 28 90 Sungari
Hangko Ice 30 102 Sungari
Dundei Ektin 31 72 Sungari
(Heye)
Calbišan Oogiyan 27 77 Sungari
Noona Oogiyan “ 81 Sungari
Anai Oogiyan 23 101 Sungari
Beikune Oogiyan 21 98 Sungari
Loban Gitan 35 88 Utun
Ulingge Lefuke 31 115 Sungari
(Tokoro)
Imnece Tumetu 29 84 Sungari
Hureni Kitkin 29 97 Sungari
Cimao Kitkin 32 77 Sungari
Teoce Kakū 37 116 Sungari
Lahida Hilhū 13 56 Sungari
Arašan Elge 30 100 Sungari
Neone Gūbkatin 47 151 Sungari
(Ujala)
Tehulde Getehun 41 111 Hūrha
Nendiokin Ebuda 22 65 Hūrha
Total: 18 14 533 1 , 681(Source:NFY, KX 5 – 1678 : 4 – 17 )
Notes:aEach company is indented under its parenthesized clan.
bFirst river stop in a series of multistage village transition points to Ningguta.