35 Wang Fuzhi,Huangshu, 12 : 538.
36 Wang Fuzhi,Song lun, 132.
37 Wang Fuzhi,Du tongjian lun, 10 : 436 – 37.
38 Wang Fuzhi,Du tongjian lun, 10 : 437.
39 Wang Fuzhi,Du tongjian lun, 10 : 454 – 55 ; Wang Fuzhi,Huangshu, 12 : 537.
Wang refers to a number of Inner Asian conquest dynasties, including the
Yuan, whose descendants were able to remain in their natural habitats in“the
northern deserts”and“beyond the passes”long after these regimes had
vanished from China proper.
40 Xu and Xu,Dili renzi xu zhi, 42.
41 Wang Fuzhi,Huangshu, 12 : 538 – 39 ; Xu and Xu,Dili renzi xu zhi, 43.
42 For a general and comparative account of the literary inquisitions of these
respective reigns, see Guo Chengkang and Lin Tiejun,Qingchao wenzi yu.
43 For recent accounts of the case in English, see Zelin,“The Yung-Cheng
Reign,” 189 – 92 ; Spence,Treason by the Book. For a detailed historical
analysis, including the original text of theDayi juemi luand related official
documents, see Shanghai shudian chubanshe, ed.,‘Dayi juemi lu’tan.
44 Shanghai shudian chubanshe, ed.,‘Dayi juemi lu’tan, 133 – 34.
45 QSL,KX 16 / 9 / 2 , 4. 880 a, KX 17 / 1 / 18 , 909 b.
46 Da Qing shi chao shengyu, 1 : 202. See also the Kangxi emperor’s essay on
the topic;“Taishan shanmai yi Changbaishan lai,”inQing Shengzu yuzhi
shi wen, 6 : 339 b– 40 b. For a description of geomantic alpine geneaology see
Yuan Shouding,Dili dan zhe lu, 17 , 21 , 244. The emperor’s formulation
implies a (meta)geological elevation of Changbaishan above Taishan’s as the
latter’s ultimate source or“patrilineal ancestral mountain”(zushan). His
argument could resonate a century later with senior Han officials such as
Min-Zhe and Yun-Gui governor-general Zhao Shenzhen, who cited a Song
fengshuiauthority to affirm the emperor’s view; Zhao Shenzhen,Yuechao
zazhi, 84.
47 James Robson,Power of Place, 42.
48 Guochao gong shi xubian, 2 : 868 ; Zhang Shuangzhi,“Qingchao huangdi de
Hua-yi guan,” 35 – 36 ; Gaozong,Yuzhi shi wen shi quanji, 37.
49 Shanghai shudian chubanshe, ed.,Dayi juemi lu, 134.
50 Shanghai shudian chubanshe, ed.,Dayi juemi lu, 155 .Yinandyangdistor-
tions were considered characteristic of frontier areas at least as far back as the
Han. Compare the“completely unsuitable frigid, saline, and sandy frontier
prefectures”with“materially abundant”China proper’s location at“the
cosmic center whereyinandyangconverge”in the famous salt and iron
debates;Yan tie lun, 695 : 527 a.
51 Shanghai shudian chubanshe, ed.,Dayi juemi lu, 134. SeeChapter 5 for a
translation of this passage.
52 Shanghai shudian chubanshe, ed.,Dayi juemi lu, 135.
53 See, for example, MWLF, YZ 10 / 10 / 2 [ 03 - 0173 - 1027 - 010 ]; QL 12 / 2 / 6 [ 03 -
0173 - 1082 - 002 ].
54 The variations on this theme are considerable and run throughout imperial
China’s extant corpus. For highlights, see Xu GuangqiNongzheng quanshu,
1 – 54. For its manifestations in Qing practical statecraft, see He Changling,
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