Kimuraet al.,Science 367 , eaaw8429 (2020) 28 February 2020 6of12
Fig. 5. Dietary fiber supplemen-
tation of pregnant mothers
results in offspring resistance to
obesity.(A) Experimental scheme
(left). Body weight changes during
HFD trial (middle) (n= 8 to 13
animals from four litters per
group). Tissue weight (right) (n=8
to 13 tissues from four litters per
group). (B) Plasma glucose, TGs,
NEFAs, and total cholesterol levels
(n= 8 to 10 plasma samples from
four litters per group). (C) Body
temperature (left) (n= 7 or 8
animals from three litters per
group) and heart rate (right) (n=8
or 10 animals from three litters per
group). (D) Volcano plot showing
the significance and magnitude of
differences in the relative abun-
dances of plasma metabolites in
the mothers or embryos from LFi
and HFi mothers (n= 5 plasma
samples andn= 5 plasma samples
of embryos from five litters). 1,
galactose. (E) Plasma SCFAs
determined by GC-MS (n=8
plasma samples of mothers and
n= 8 plasma samples of embryos
from eight litters per group).
(F) Plasma insulin (left) and
plasma glucose (right) levels in the
mothers and embryos of E18.5 (n=
8 plasma samples of mothers and
n= 8 plasma samples of embryos
from eight litters per group). Male
mice were analyzed at 16 weeks of
age [(A) to (C)]. Student’sttest
[(B),(C),(E),and(F)]andTukey–
Kramer’stest(A);*P<0.01
and P< 0.05 (LFi versus HFi);
##P<0.01and#P<0.05
(HFi versus HFi + Abx). Data are
presented as means ± SEM [(A) to
(C), (E), and (F)]. LFi, offspring
derived from ICR LFi mothers; HFi,
offspring derived from ICR HFi
mothers [(A) to (C)].
A
F
B
D
E
C
0
40
20
80
60
Body weight (g)
4 8 12 16
Weeks of age
LFi
HFi
HFi + Abx.
**
##
#
*
LFi
0
100
200
300
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)HFi
*
LFi
0
20
60
80
TGs (mg/dL)
HFi
**
40
LFi
0
0.1
0.4
0.5
NEFAs (mEq /L)
HFi
**
0.2
0.3
LFi
0
100
400
500
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)HFi
**
200
300
0
34
35
36
38
Body temperature (
) **
37
LFi HFi
0
600
650
700
800
Heart rate (beats/min)
**
750
LFi HFi
epi peri sub liver
WAT
0
2
4
6
Tissue weight (g)
*#
LFi
HFi
HFi + Abx.
*#
LFi HFiLFi HFi
Mo E18.5
0
1
2
2.5
Insulin (ng/mL)
*
1.5
0.5
-8 -4 0 4
HFi / LFi (log 2 fold change)
0
1
2
3
Significance (-log
10
q
value)
acetate
n-butyrate
propionate
Mothers
(^8) -8 -4 0 4
HFi / LFi (log 2 fold change)
0
1
2
3
Embryos (E18.5)
8
1
acetate
n-butyrate
propionate
1
LFi HFiLFi HFi
Mo E18.5
0
100
200
300
400
500
Acetate (μM)
LFi HFi LFi HFi
Mo E18.5
0
20
30
40
50
Propionate (μM)
LFi HFiLFi HFi
Mo E18.5
0
5
10
15
20
n-Butyrate (μM)
10
LFiHFiLFiHFi
Mo E18.5
0
60
120
180
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)
**
Pregnancy
Conventional Mother
Conventional Foster MotherConventional Foster Mother
After weaning,
High-fat diet feeding
After weaning,
High-fat diet feeding
Conventional Mother
+Inulindiets
Low-fiber diet High-fiberdiet
RESEARCH | RESEARCH ARTICLE