ManausNew York
Los AngelesChicagoLimaBuenos AiresPauloSão
Rio deJaneiroBogotáMexico
CityMEXICOBRAZILCOLOMBIAPERUARGENTINAUNITED STATESNORTH
AMERICASOUTH
AMERICAVulnerability to
climate change
Among cities with
population over 7 million
30 million
10 million20 millionEXTREMEHIGHM
EDIU
MLOWMoscow, Russia
Paris, France
London, U.K.Mexico City, MexicoNew YorkLos AngelesChicagoBogotá,
ColombiaLima, PeruRio de Janeiro,
Brazil
São Paulo,
BrazilBuenos Aires,
ArgentinaU.S.North
AmericaSouth
AmericaEuropeClimate change
vulnerability, 2020
This index assesses the
threat of climate change
by measuring physical
impacts and a country’s
ability to adapt to them.POOR MORE LIKELY TO SUFFER
Many of the poorest cities and countries will
experience the worst effects of climate change,
without the resources to adapt. Pushed over
the edge by climate-related natural disasters,
environmental stresses, and disease, millions
more people may slide into poverty.DAMAGE WILL BE UNEQUAL
There are some cities, such as Hanoi, where
climates will enter uncharted territory by 2070.
It’s not just that Hanoi will get hotter—which
it will, with average summer temperatures
hovering close to a soupy 100°F. And it’s not
just that precipitation patterns will change as
rainfall intensifies during the monsoon and
other stormy periods. Some hazards can be
traced to climate change, such as dangerous
heat stress or flooding from extreme rains
and sea-level rise. But millions living in cities
worldwide will be increasingly vulnerable to
less obvious problems. The risk of disease will
climb as mosquito ranges expand. Conflicts
will be more likely as populations are forced
to move. Infrastructure, including housing,
roads, and bridges, will crumble faster. And
as we barrel into a future of unprecedented
climates, it’s almost certain that yet-to-be-
identified vulnerabilities will emerge to put
more stress on this fragile planet.
MANAUS,
BRAZIL
LUXOR,
EGYPT
DOHA,
QATA R
NOWHERE ON
EARTH TODAYNOWHERE ON
EARTH TODAYNOWHERE ON
EARTH TODAYLARGE CITIES AT RISK
Verisk Maplecroft, a research firm, eval-
uated 1,868 cities for climate change
vulnerability. Contributing factors
include exposure to climate extremes,
access to resources, reliance on agricul-
ture, and disaster response capacity.HANOI, VIETNAM,
WILL HAVE A CLIMATE LIKE
NOWHERE ON EARTH.
Hanoi today Hanoi in 2070
City with unprecedented
climate by 2070City with population
over 7 million
Lowest vulnerability
No dataHighest vulnerabilityThis city in 2070 will have a climate like
Summer Winter Summer Winter
AVERAGE
TEMPERATUREAVERAGE
RAINFALL90.7 ̊F (high)(^78) ̊ (low)
69.6 ̊
57.7 ̊
97.9 ̊F
84.3 ̊ 75.7 ̊
63.7 ̊
34.8 in.
2.6
30.0
2.6