344
Numbers in bold refer to main entries.9/11 attacks 320, 327
1848 revolutions 228–9, 239, 240, 251
1968 protests 324A
Abd ar-Rahman I, Emir of Córdoba 91–2
Abdul Hamid II, Sultan 260
Abraham ibn Ezra 92
absolutism 190, 210
Abu ’Abd Allah, Emir 128
Abu Bakr 80
Abu Simbel, Temples of 38–9
Acampichtli 114
Achaemenid Empire 44–5
Actium, Battle of 60, 64
Afghanistan, Soviet invasion of 341
African National Congress (ANC) 325
African Americans 311
agriculture 19, 30–1, 158–9, 181, 202, 222–3, 336–8
Ahuitzotl 115
Akbar the Great, Emperor 170 –1
al-Qaeda 320, 321, 327
Alberti, Leon Battista 153
Alcaçovas, Treaty of 149
Aleandro, Cardinal Girolamo 163
Alesia, Battle of 71
Alexander II, Tsar 243
Alexander III, Tsar 243
Alexander VI, Pope 149
Alexander the Great 44, 45, 51, 52–3
Alexios I Komnenos, Emperor 106, 107
Alexis, Tsarevich 196
Alfonso VI of Castile 92
Alfonso XIII of Spain 341
Alfred the Great, King of the English 132
Ali ibn Abi Talib 81
Allende, Salvador 341
Almoravid Empire 110, 111
alphabets 34–5, 42, 43, 130, 131
Altamira, cave paintings 22–5
Álvarez, Fernando 168
American Civil War 15, 244–7
American Indians 132, 159, 173, 249, 264
American Revolution 101, 204 , 218
Amin, Idi 307
Amorites 37
Amsterdam Stock Exchange 180–3
An Lushan, revolt of 84–5al-Andalus 91–2
al-Andalusi, Said 89
Angkor Wat 108–9
Angola 307
Anhalt, Christian of 168
anti-Semitism 251, 285, 289, 292
apartheid 235, 325
Arab invasions 74, 78, 80–1, 132
Arab League 302, 318
Arab Spring 318, 321
Arab–Israeli War 319
Archimedes 91
architecture 152–3, 170, 171, 256–7
Arianism 66, 67
Aristotle 51, 53, 92, 93, 194
Armstrong, Neil 310
art 22–7, 152, 153–5, 183
artillery 156–7
Ashoka the Great, Emperor 40, 41
Asian financial crisis (1997-98) 330
Assad, Bashar 321
Assyrians 70
astronomy 90, 91, 127
Atahuallpa 117
Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal 141, 260, 261
Athens 44, 45, 46–51, 70
atomic bomb 293.340
Attila the Hun 69
Augustus, Emperor 52, 60, 64–5
Aurangzeb, Emperor 170
Auschwitz 294, 295
Australia, first humans arrive in 20 –1
Austro-Hungarian Empire 240–1, 272–3
Axayactl 115
Axum 71
Ayacucho, Battle of 219
Ayutthaya 109
Azerbaijan 326
Aztec Empire 75, 114 –17, 148, 150B
Baader, Andreas 341
Babur, Emperor 170, 171
Babylon 36, 37, 44, 45, 53, 70
Bacon, Francis 188
Baghdad, foundation of 86–93
Balfour Declaration 298, 303
Balkan Wars 1912-13 241, 260, 261, 272
Banks, Joseph 189
Bannockburn, Battle of 133Barbarian invasions 68–9
Barentsz, Willem 182
Bastille, storming of the 208–13
Batista, General Fulgencio 309, 315
Bay of Pigs invasion 309, 314 –15
Bayt al Hikma (House of Wisdom) 89–90, 91, 93
Belisarius 76–7
Ben-Gurion, David 302, 303
Berlin Airlift 296–7
Berlin Conference 258–9
Berlin Wall 296, 322–3, 326, 333
Bernanke, Ben 333
Berners-Lee, Tim 328–9
Bessemer, Henry 222, 225
Bill of Rights 101, 175
bin Laden, Osama 320, 327
al-Biruni 91
Bismarck, Otto von 240, 241, 258
Black Death 15, 75, 104, 118 –19
Black Panthers 324
Boer Wars 235, 258, 265
Bolívar, Simón 216, 217 , 218–19
Bolsheviks 276–9, 296
Borlaug, Norman 336, 337
Bosnian War 326
Boudica, Queen of the Iceni 71
Boulton, Matthew 224
Boxer Rebellion 254, 255
Breitenfeld, Battle of 166, 168
Bretton Woods system 330
Britain, Battle of 288, 290–1
Bronze Age 34, 37, 42, 43
Brunel, Isambard Kingdom 224, 234
Brunelleschi, Filippo 152, 153, 155
Brutus, Marcus Junius 63, 64
Buchanan, James 233
Buddhism 35, 40–1, 108 , 109
Bureau, Jean 156
Byzantine Empire 53, 67, 74, 76–7, 80, 81, 88,
138–9, 141, 154C
Cabral, Pedro Álvarez 148, 149
Caesar, Julius 53, 58–65, 71
California Gold Rush 248–9
Calvin, John 160, 161
Cano, Sebastien del 151
Cape Town, Dutch colony at 199
capitalism 137, 178, 182, 202, 229, 268, 269, 278,
279, 315, 316, 317, 322, 332, 333INDEX
US_344-352_Index.indd 344 04/03/2016 16:07
INDEX 345
Carmichael, Stokely 311
Carolingian Renaissance 83
Carson, Rachel 337–8
Carter, Jimmy 320
Carthaginians 70–1
Cartier, Jacques 198
cartography 93
Casas, Bartolome de las 146
Cassius Longinus, Gaius 63, 64
Castiglione, Giuseppe 186
Castillon, Battle of 156–7
Castro, Fidel 309, 314, 315
Çatalhöyük 30 –1
Catherine II (the Great) of Russia 196, 197
Catherine of Aragon 198
cave paintings 22–7
Cavour, Camillo 239, 240
Ceauçescu, Nicolae 326
Celts 70
Central America 114–17, 150, 151, 158–9, 216–19
Chamberlain, Neville 289
Champa 108, 109
Charlemagne, Emperor 74, 82–3, 88, 89
Charles I of England 101, 174 –5
Charles II of England 174, 175
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 151, 158, 162, 198
Charles VII of France 156, 157
Charles X of France 228
Chiang Kai-shek 305, 317
Childeric 71
Chile 150 , 151, 341
Chimú culture 114, 116
Chiphyon-jon (Hall of Worthies) 130, 131
Chosön dynasty 130–1
Christianity, spread of 13, 66–7
Churchill, Winston 13, 290, 296
Cicero 51, 61
city-states 44, 45, 48, 50, 52, 60, 70, 105, 154–5
civil rights movement 269, 311
civil service, Chinese 84, 85, 124–5
civilizations 19, 34, 35, 36–7
Claudius, Emperor 71
Cleisthenes 49
Clemenceau, Georges 280
climate change 28–9, 30, 69, 75, 338–9
Clive, General Robert 191
Clovis, King of the Franks 71, 82
Colbert, Jean-Baptiste 190
Cold War 268, 296–7, 300, 307, 308–9, 310, 322, 341
Columbian Exchange 158–9
Columbus, Christopher 15, 129, 136, 142–7, 148,
149
Communism 229, 268, 276–9, 281, 285, 296, 297,
304–5, 312–17, 322, 323
Company of Royal Adventurers 176, 177
computer science 328–9
concentration camps 294, 295
Concordat of Worms 96, 97Confederacy 246–7
Confucius/Confucianism 57, 125, 130, 131
Congress of Vienna 228, 229, 240
conquistadors 75, 116, 136, 149–51, 158
Constantin I, Emperor 66–7
Constantine XI, Emperor 139
Constantinople, fall of 138– 41, 154, 156
Continental System 215
Cook, Captain James 189
Cortés, Hernán 116, 148, 150
cotton trade 234–5
Council of Nicaea 66, 67
Council of Trent 160, 163
Counter-Reformation 160, 163
Coverdale, Miles 161, 162
Crassus, Marcus Licinius 62
Crimean War 243, 265
Cromwell, Oliver 174–5, 199
crops 158–9, 181, 337–8
Crusades 75, 96, 106–7, 139
Cuban Missile Crisis 308–9
Culcuhuacán, Lord of 114
Culloden, Battle of 199
Cult of the Supreme Being 213
Cultural Revolution 313, 316 –17
Cumberland, Prince William, Duke of 199
Custer, Lieutenant Colonel George 249
Cuzco 114, 116
Cyrus II the Great 44, 45
Czechoslovakia 289, 323, 326D
D-Day Landings 288
da Gama, Vasco 144, 146, 149
Dachau 294
Dance of Death 118, 119
Darius I of Persia 44, 45
Darius III of Persia 44, 53.52
Darwin, Charles, On the Origin of Species 236–7
Davison, Emily 262–3
DDT 337–8
de Gaulle, General Charles 291, 301, 340
De Klerk, F. W. 325
Declaration of Independence 204–7
Declaration of the Rights of Man 211
Defenestration of Prague 164–9
Delian League 45, 48, 50
democracy, Athenian 46–51
Deng Xiaoping 304, 316, 317
Denisovan hominins 20, 21
Denmark 240, 290
Descartes, René 13, 188
Dias, Bartolomeu 144, 146
Diaz, Porfirio 265
Diderot, Denis 192–3, 194, 195
Diet of Worms 161, 162Diocletian, Emperor 66
disease, spread of 136, 149–50, 151, 158, 159, 269
divine right 101
DNA 21, 236, 338
Dollar Diplomacy 233
Dollfuss, Engelbert 285
Drogheda, Siege of 199
Dunkirk, evacuation of 290
Dürer, Albrecht 155
Dutch East India Company 179, 180, 181, 182, 183,
185, 199
Dutch Republic 180–3
Dutch Revolt 166, 181, 198
Dutch War, Second 177
Dutschke, Rudi 324E
Eastern Bloc 269, 281, 323
Eastern Roman Empire 67, 68, 69, 83
ecological change 158–9
economics
global financial crisis (2008) 330–3
Great Depression 282–3
Edict of Milan 67
Edict of Nantes 166, 167, 190, 198
Edo Period 184–5
Edward II of England 133, 156
Edward III of England 101, 133
Edward the Confessor 132
Eichmann, Adolf 295
Eiffel, Gustave 256
Eiffel Tower 256–7
Eighty Years’ War 166
Einhard 83
Einstein, Albert 188
Eisenhower, Dwight D. 319
Elizabeth I of England 166
Elizabeth of Bohemia 168
Ellis Island 250–1
emigration 250–1, 264
Engels, Friedrich 229
English Civil War 174 –5
Enlightenment 13, 137, 188, 192–5, 197, 205, 206,
210, 227
environment 28, 29, 269, 337–9
Ephialtes 48, 49
equality 202, 212, 244, 311, 324, 325
Erasmus 155
Erik the Red 95
Eriksson, Leif 95
Esen Khan 126
Euclid 90, 91
European Union 323, 331, 333, 338
Evans, Arthur 42
evolution 236–7
Expedition of the Thousand (1860) 238–9US_344-352_Index.indd 345 15/02/2016 16:46