346
structure of 15, 169, 186, 187, 224,
268, 271, 276–83, 324, 326
Döbereiner, Johann 176
Dobzhansky, Theodosius 144
Donné, Alfred 137
Doppler, Christian 108, 127 , 241
Doppler effect 108, 241, 327
Dossie, Robert 105
double helix 224, 271, 278, 279, 281,
282–83, 326
E
Earth 26–27, 32, 36–39, 40, 64, 66, 67
age of 73, 96–101
atmosphere 15, 79, 123, 274–75, 294
circumference 19, 22
continental drift 222–23
core 188, 189
density 73, 79, 89, 102–03, 188
magnetic field 14, 44, 223
rotation of 44, 73, 126
earth (element) 18, 21
earth science 73, 102, 128–29, 222–23
earthquakes 89, 188–89
eclipses 18, 20, 26, 27, 32, 58–59, 221
ecology 108, 109, 113, 132–35, 315
ecosystems 134, 315
Eddington, Arthur 221, 270
Edison, Thomas 121
Einstein, Albert 50, 64, 69, 88–89, 110,
111, 139, 182, 200, 202, 205, 212,
214–21, 228, 231, 232, 235, 242–43,
244, 262, 264, 304, 310, 317
Eldredge, Niles 144, 339
electricity 15, 73, 90–95, 108, 114, 119,
120–21, 138, 182–85, 186, 192, 194,
262, 292
electrochemical dualism 119
electrodynamics 184, 218
electrolysis 114, 119
electromagnetic radiation 50, 194,
211–13, 219, 247
electromagnetic waves 50, 108, 120,
136, 182–85, 200, 217, 292
electromagnetism 15, 108, 109, 120–21,
182–85, 201, 218, 219, 269, 272,
273, 292, 299, 306, 307, 310
electronegativity 259
electrons 111, 119, 164, 187, 192, 200,
208, 209–10, 211–12, 216–17, 228,
229, 230, 231, 232, 234, 246, 256,
259, 292, 304, 307, 317
electropositivity 256, 259
electroweak theory 268, 269, 272, 273,
292, 293, 299
elements
atomic theory of 15, 105, 112–13, 162
classification of 176–79
combination of 72, 105, 162–63
new 15, 114, 178, 268, 270
Elsasser, Walter Maurice 44
Elton, Charles 134–5
Empedocles 13, 18, 21
endosymbiosis 268, 269, 300, 301
Engelman, Théodore 85
Englert, François 298, 299, 338
entropy 138, 202, 203–05
environment
damage to/conservation of 135,
294–95, 315
and evolution 118, 133, 147, 149, 315
Epicurus 23
epigenetics 268
Eratosthenes 18, 19, 22
erosion 99
Esmark, Jens 128
ether 13, 46, 49, 50, 51, 136, 185, 217,
218, 219, 220
ethology 249
ethylene 257, 258
Euclid 28, 29
eukaryotic cells 300, 301
evaporation 77
event horizon 88, 89, 314
Everett, Hugh, III 233, 268, 269,
284–85, 317
evolution 23, 60, 73, 74, 75, 109, 118,
133, 142–49, 168, 172–73, 224, 268,
274, 300, 315, 318, 319, 325
exoplanets 15, 127, 327
extinction 116, 145, 149F
falling bodies 12, 32, 42–43, 45, 66
Faraday, Michael 15, 92, 108, 114, 120,
121 , 182–83, 184, 186
Fatou, Pierre 316
Fawcett, Eric 140
Fermi, Enrico 231, 246, 265, 292
fermions 231, 246–47, 306, 307, 311, 312Ferrel, William 80, 126
fertilization 73, 104, 148, 169, 171, 224,
283, 326
Feynman, Richard 182, 246, 268, 269,
272–73, 310
fields, force 298, 299
fire 18, 21, 84
fission, nuclear 194, 262, 263, 264, 265
FitzRoy, Robert 150–55
Fizeau, Hippolyte 58, 108, 127, 137
Flemming, Walther 170, 278
fluids 24–25, 72, 333
Folger, Timothy 81
food chain 134–35
forces 42, 43, 64–9, 307
fundamental 251, 269, 273, 292–93,
306, 310, 313
fossil fuels 115, 294, 295
fossils 15, 74, 98, 100, 108, 109, 115,
116–17, 118, 145, 146, 172–73,
222–23, 270, 319
Foucault, Léon 108, 126, 136–37
four roots/humors 13, 18, 21
Fourier, Joseph 122–23, 294
Fowler, Ralph 247, 248
Fracastoro, Girolamo 157
fractals 316
Frankland, Edward 162, 256
Franklin, Benjamin 72, 73, 81 , 92
Franklin, Edward 124
Franklin, Rosalind 186, 280, 281, 283
Fresnel, Augustin 334
friction 42, 65
Friedmann, Alexander 243
Frisch, Otto 263
fullerenes 320, 321
Füschel, Georg 115
fusion, nuclear 194, 270G
Gaia hypothesis 132, 301, 315
galaxies 89, 127, 201, 238–41, 242, 245,
250–51
Galen 14
Galilei, Galileo 12, 13, 32, 36, 39,
42–43, 44, 45, 48, 58, 64, 65, 80
Galle, Johann 64
Galvani, Luigi 92, 93, 95, 114, 324
gamma rays 194, 195, 210
Gamow, George 244INDEX