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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Dorling Kindersley would like to thank Shriya
Parameswaran, Neha Sharma, Payal Rosalind
Malik, Gadi Farfour, Helen Spencer, Steve
Woosnam-Savage, and Paul Drislane for
design assistance; Steve Setford for editorial
assistance; and Stephanie Chilman for
composing the Directory.
PICTURE CREDITS
The publisher would like to thank the
following for their kind permission to
reproduce their photographs:
(Key: a-above; b-below/bottom; c-center; f-far;
l-left; r-right; t-top)
19 The Bridgeman Art Library:
Bibliothèque de la Faculté de Médecine,
Paris / Archives Charmet (tr). 21 Corbis:
Bettmann (tr). Getty Images: Hulton
Archive (bl). 23 akg-images: Bibliothèque
nationale (tc). Alamy Images: Tihon L1 (bl).
25 Getty Images: Hulton Archive (tr).
27 akg-images: Coll. Archiv f. Kunst &
Geschichte (tl). Corbis: Bettmann (bl).
29 The Bridgeman Art Library:
Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery (bc).
Getty Images: Hulton Archive (tr).
30 Getty Images: Imagno / Hulton Archive
(br). 35 Alamy Images: Interfoto (br).
Corbis: Visuals Unlimited (tc). 36 Corbis:
Bettmann (tr, tc). 37 Corbis: Bettmann (bl).
40 Corbis: (bl). 43 Corbis: The Gallery
Collection. 44 Corbis: Underwood &
Underwood (br). 45 Science Photo Library:
Chris Gallagher (tr). 47 Corbis: Bettmann (tr).
49 Corbis: Bettmann (bl); Bill Varie (tr).
51 Science Photo Library: US National
Library of Medicine (tr). 52 Corbis:
Bettmann (bl). 55 Alamy Images: Eddie
Gerald (cr). Lebrecht Music and Arts:
Rue des Archives / Varma (bl). 61 Corbis:
Bettmann (bl). LawtonPhotos.com : (tl).
65 Corbis: Jose Luis Pelaez, Inc. (tl).
Science Photo Library: Humanities and
Social Sciences Library / New York Public
Library (tr). 69 Corbis: Underwood &
Underwood (bl). 71 The Advertising
Archives: (br). 73 Corbis: Sandy Stockwell /
Skyscan (cr). Magnum Photos: Wayne
Miller (bl). 75 The Advertising Archives:
(cra). 77 Getty Images: Nina Leen / Time
& Life Pictures (br). 81 Getty Images:
Nina Leen / Time & Life Pictures (br).
82 Getty Images: Joe Raedle (br).
83 Corbis: Bettmann (tr). 84 Alamy
Images: Monashee Frantz (bl). 87 Getty
Images: Lambert / Archive Photos (tr).
94 Getty Images: Imagno / Hulton
Archive / Sigmund Freud Privatstiftung (tr).
97 Alamy Images: Bjanka Kadic (bl).
98 The Bridgeman Art Library: Museum
of Modern Art, New York / © Salvador Dali,
Fundació Gala-Salvador Dalí, DACS, 2011.
99 Corbis: Hulton-Deutsch Collection (tr).
101 Corbis: Guo Dayue / Xinhua Press (tl).
Getty Images: Imagno / Hulton Archive (tr).
105 Getty Images: Imagno / Hulton
Archive (br). 106 Getty Images: Apic /
Hulton Archive (bl). 107 akg-images:
Walt Disney Productions (tl). Getty Images:
Imagno / Hulton Archive (tr). 108 Corbis:
Robbie Jack (cra). 109 Wellcome Images:
(bl). 116 Corbis: Robert Wallis (tl). 117
Alamy Images: Harvey Lloyd / Peter
Arnold, Inc. (tl). Science Photo Library:
National Library of Medicine (bl). 119 Getty
Images: Hulton Archive (tr). 120 Corbis:
Nancy Honey (br). 123 Getty Images:
Ryan McVay (tl). Lebrecht Music and Arts:
Rue des Archives / Collection Bourgeron (bl).
127 Corbis: Michael Reynolds / EPA (tr).
129 Getty Images: Leonard Mccombe /
Time & Life Pictures (tr); Roger-Viollet (bl).
134 Corbis: Pascal Deloche / Godong (tl).
135 Getty Images: David Malan /
Photographer’s Choice (tr). 136 Corbis:
Roger Ressmeyer (bl). 137 Getty Images:
Peter Cade / Iconica (tl). 139 Corbis:
Ann Kaplan (tr). 144 Corbis: Bettmann (bl).
Getty Images: Mark Douet (tr). 147 Corbis:
Jutta Klee (tl/computer); Roy Morsch (tc/
blamer); Larry Williams (tr/placator).
Getty Images: Nathan Blaney / Photodisc
(tc/leveller). 148 Getty Images: Dennis
Hallinan (b). 151 Corbis: Allen Ginsberg (tr);
Robbie Jack (bl). 153 Getty Images:
Miguel Medina / AFP (tr); Toru Yamanaka /
AFP (tl). 155 Alamy Images: Sigrid Olsson /
PhotoAlto (cra). 161 TopFoto.co.uk:
Topham Picturepoint (tl, tr). 162 Getty
Images: Andersen Ross / Photodisc (cb).
165 Press Association Images: (tr).
167 Science Photo Library: Estate of
Francis Bello (bl). 173 Corbis: William
Whitehurst (tl). Jon Roemer: (tr).
175 Beck Institute for Cognitive
Behavior Therapy: (tr). 176 Corbis:
Bettmann (br). 181 Alamy Images:
David O. Bailey (tl). Science PhotoLibrary: Corbin O’Grady Studio (tr).
82 Corbis: Carol Kohen (bl). 184 Corbis:
H. Armstrong Roberts / ClassicStock (bc, br).
Getty Images: George Marks / Retrofile /
Hulton Archive (bl). 185 Corbis: Monty
Rakusen (tr). 190 Alamy Images: Gary
Roebuck (tl). Courtesy of Baycrest: (bl).
192 Corbis: Owaki/ Kulla (cra). 195 Corbis:
Ocean (tr). 197 Getty Images: Steven
Dewall / Redferns (bl). 199 Claremont
Graduate University: Photo by C. Sajgó (bl).
Corbis: Charles Vlen / Bettmann (tl).
201 Getty Images: Purestock (bc).
Positive Psychology Center, University
of Pennsylvania. : (tr). 204 Courtesy of
UC Irvine: (bl). 207 Corbis: Guy Cali (bl).
210 Alamy Images: Michele Burgess (cb).
212 Lebrecht Music and Arts:
Matti Kolho (bc). 213 University of Bath:
(tr). 221 Getty Images: Chris Ryan / OJO
Images (tr). 222 Corbis: Moment / Cultura
(bc). 223 Alamy Images: Interfoto (bl).
Corbis: K.J. Historical (tl). 225 Solomon
Asch Center for Study of Ethnopolitical
Conflict: (tr). 227 Corbis: Bettmann (bl).
229 American Sociological Association,
http://www.asanet.org. : Photo of Erving
Goffman (bl). Corbis: Yi Lu (cr). 234 Corbis:
Claro Cortes / Hanoi, Vietnam (tl).
235 Corbis: Hannes Hepp (bc). Stanford
News Service. : Linda A. Cicero (tr).
237 Corbis: Walt Sisco / Bettmann (cr).
239 Corbis: Sophie Bassouls / Sygma (bl).
241 The Bridgeman Art Library: Musée
national des arts et traditions populaires,
Paris / Archives Charmet (tc). William
Glasser Inc. - http://www.wglasserbooks.com :
(tr). 243 Alamy Images: David Grossman
(tl). University of Waterloo: Maurice
Greene (bl). 245 Corbis: Bettmann (bl).
Special Collections, University of
California, Santa Cruz: (tr). 249 Getty
Images: Apic / Hulton Archive (tr).
Manuscripts and Archives, Yale
University Library: Courtesy of
Alexandra Milgram (bl). 251 Getty Images:
Peter Stackpole / Time & Life Pictures (br).
252 Corbis: Stapleton Collection (br).
253 Corbis: Geneviève Chauvel / Sygma (tl).
255 TopFoto.co.uk: Topham Picturepoint
(tr). Philip G. Zimbardo, Professor
Emeritus, Stanford University: (tl).
257 Universidad Centroamericana
“José Simeón Cañas” (UCA), El
Salvador: (bl). 265 Corbis: The Gallery
Collection (tc). 267 Science Photo Library: