The Classical Music Book

179 See also: Pièces de clavecin 82–83 ■ Scarlatti’s Sonata in D minor, K.9, “Pastorale” 90–91 ■ Clementi’s Piano Sonata in F-sh ...

OPERA MUST MAKE PEOPLE WEEP, FEEL HORRIFIED, DIE THE RING CYCLE ( 1848 –1874), RICHARD WAGNER US_180-187_Wagner.indd 180 26/03/1 ...

US_180-187_Wagner.indd 181 26/03/18 1:01 PM ...

182 T wo things changed beyond recognition in Wagner’s lifetime: German opera and Germany itself. The country that he grew up in ...

183 Richard Wagner Wagner was born in Leipzig in 1813 and was drawn to the theatre at an early age, also developing an obsession ...

184 population. Wagner sought to create an artistic experience with religious, social, and ethical aspects. Such an artwork woul ...

185 Wagner’s style was not popular with everyone, as seen in this American cartoon (1877), which criticized the dense noise of G ...

186 cycle, bringing an even greater harmonic richness to the third act of Siegfried and to the fourth opera, Götterdämmerung (“T ...

187 time, the lights in the auditorium would be extinguished during the performance, and comings and goings were forbidden. Oper ...

188 HE ... COMES AS IF SENT STRAIGHT FROM GOD SYMPHONY NO. 1 ( 1876 ), JOHANNES BRAHMS I n the first decades of the 19th century ...

189 See also: Mozart’s Symphony No. 40 128–131 ■ “Eroica” Symphony 138–141 ■ Symphonie fantastique 162–163 ■ Schumann’s Symphony ...

190 THE NOTES DANCE UP THERE ON THE STAGE THE NUTCRACKER (1892) PYOTR ILYICH TCHAIKOVSKY T he 19th century brought a revolution ...

191 Columbine and Harlequin evoke The Nutcracker’s fantasy world in costumes designed by Denmark’s Queen Margrethe II for a prod ...

192 A SYMPHONY MUST BE LIKE THE WORLD. IT MUST CONTAIN EVERYTHING ALSO SPRACH ZARATHUSTRA (1896) RICHARD STRAUSS T he period aft ...

193 Also sprach Zarathustra was completed in 1896. This frontispiece from that year, printed in Munich by Joseph Aibl, prefaced ...

194 EMOTIONAL ART IS A KIND OF ILLNESS TOSCA (1900), GIACOMO PUCCINI W ith the first performance of Cavalleria rusticana in 1890 ...

195 See also: Orfeo ed Euridice 118 –119 ■ The Barber of Seville 14 8 ■ Der Freischütz 149 ■ La traviata 174 ■ The Wreckers 232– ...

196 widely apparent in Puccini’s work. This he handled with a greater degree of flexibility and far more technical variety and f ...

197 which, at first, is loud, violent, and consistently moving off the beat. gradually diminishes into a downward slither that e ...

198 IF A COMPOSER COULD SAY WHAT HE HAD TO SAY IN WORDS, HE WOULD NOT BOTHER SAYING IT IN MUSIC DAS LIED VON DER ERDE (1908–1909 ...