The Classical Music Book

299 See also: Ionisation 268–269 ■ Quartet for the End of Time 282–283 ■ 4 ́33 ̋ 302–305 ■ Gruppen 306–307 ■ Pithoprakta 308 ■ S ...

300 ELECTRONIC MUSIC AND MUSIQUE CONCRÈTE Sounds used in the 12 movements of Symphonie pour un homme seul Knocking, shouts, humm ...

CONTEMPORARY 301 Gesang der Jünglinge Karlheinz Stockhausen’s Gesang der Jünglinge (“Song of the Youths”) was created in the stu ...

302 I CAN’T UNDERSTAND WHY PEOPLE ARE FRIGHTENED OF NEW IDEAS; I’M FRIGHTENED OF THE OLD ONES 4'33" ( 1952 ), JOHN CAGE F or cen ...

303 See also: Pierrot lunaire 240–245 ■ Parade 256–257 ■ Gruppen 306–307 ■ In C 312–313 ■ Six Pianos 320 ■ Einstein on the Beach ...

304 This concept is particularly evident in Cage’s Imaginary Landscape No.4 for 12 radios (1951), in which the “performers” mani ...

305 decides not to.” Equally challenging to musical orthodoxy were some of American composer Morton Feldman’s works, which sough ...

306 HE HAS CHANGED OUR VIEW OF MUSICAL TIME AND FORM GRUPPEN (1955–1957), KARLHEINZ STOCKHAUSEN I n 1955, Westdeutscher Rundfunk ...

307 The BBC Symphony Orchestra performs Gruppen for three orchestras on a designated “Stockhausen Day” at the BBC Proms in 2008, ...

308 See also: Pierrot lunaire 240–245 ■ Quartet for the End of Time 282–283 ■ Gruppen 306–307 ■ Threnody for the Victims of Hiro ...

309 See also: The Nutcracker 190 –191 ■ Romeo and Juliet 272 ■ Shostakovich’s Fifth Symphony 274–279 T he ballet Spartacus, know ...

310 F or many contemporary listeners, Polish composer Krzysztof Penderecki’s 1960 piece Threnody for the Victims of Hiroshima si ...

311 See also: Shostakovich’s Fifth Symphony 274–279 ■ Spartacus 309 ■ Lutosławski’s Fourth Symphony 323 ■ Ligeti’s Études pour p ...

312 ONCE YOU BECOME AN ISM, WHAT YOU’RE DOING IS DEAD IN C ( 1964 ), TERRY RILEY I n 1950s’ America, a generation of artists, su ...

313 Seated at his keyboard, Terry Riley accompanies the Lahore-born musician Pandit Pran Nath—one of his earliest mentors—in a c ...

314 I DESIRE TO CARVE ... A SINGLE PAINFUL TONE AS INTENSE AS SILENCE ITSELF NOVEMBER STEPS ( 1967 ), TORU TAKEMITSU T akemitsu ...

315 See also: Das Lied von der Erde 198–201 ■ Prélude à l’après-midi d’un faune 228–231 ■ Quartet for the End of Time 282–283 ■ ...

316 T he 1960s—a decade of profound social change— reached its height in 1968, the year in which Luciano Berio’s Sinfonia had it ...

317 See also: Magnus liber organi 28–31 ■ Ives’s Symphony No. 4 254–255 ■ Symphonie pour un homme seul 298–301 ■ Gruppen 306–307 ...

318 W ith some exceptions— such as the areas of psychology and imagination explored in the operas of Benjamin Britten and Michae ...