224 Kerstin Kunz and Erich Steiner
be a borderline case between referential identity (extended reference) and type
identity (substitution). The English translation shows a transposition of the clausal
apposition into an adverbial prepositional phrase.
The options for substitution in English and German are summarized in
Table 3.Table 3. Options for substitution in English and German^9
English German
Nominal One (countable singular) Ein(e/r/s)
Ones (countable plural) Welche (countable plural)
Some/any (ellipsis?)
(count and mass)Welche (r/s) (mass)That/those + modification Der/die/das + modification
Mine/yours, etc. Meine (r/s), Deine (r/s), etc.
Der/die Meinige (n), der/die Deinige (n)
So with verbal substitution Es (cross-categorial)^9
Verbal Do (+ so) Tun/machen + demonstrative pronoun (+ so) =>
only for action verbs (lexical cohesion)
Clausal So, not So (but hardly as substitution), nicht
Generalized The same Dasselbe/Das Gleiche/Dergleichen/Gleiches/
Derartiges2.3 Corpus-linguistic findingsIn this section, some empirical findings will be discussed from the corpus-lin-
guistic analysis of substitution in the GECCo corpus. Table 4 displays the gen-
eral distribution of all cohesive instances of substitute forms in the English
Originals (EO), the English translations from the German originals (ETRANS),
the German originals (GO) and the German translations from the English origi-
nals (GTRANS). The first and third row show the total numbers, the second and
fourth row display the distribution in percentage in relation to all tokens of the
respective subcorpus. We exclude the figures for the register INTERVIEW in the
third and fourth row for the sake of comparability of translations and originals, as
translations are not available for this register.
First of all it has to be noted that overall occurrences are few when com-
pared to the findings for other cohesive devices such as reference. However, a- In Kunz and Steiner (forthcoming, Section 3.1.2), these are tentatively classified as having
quality or class reference, but are now interpreted as substitution.