70 Rosa Rabadán and Marlén Izquierdo
(20) One that made them immeasurably powerful (FBD1E.s896)
Un secreto que les hizo inmensamente poderosos (FBD1S.s838)
(21) [...] the figure moved away with a shuffling, uncoordinated gait (FHL1E.s725)
[...] la figura se apartó arrastrando los pies con escasa coordinación
(FHL1S.s722)
4.2.9 Borrowing
This solution appeared once only in this study in the translation of –less, in topless,
a word already accepted as a loanword in the Spanish lexicon.
(22) [...] and whichever side comes out top in each day’s campaigning will earn
their girl a topless appearance in the next day’s Sun (PATG22E.s50)
[...] y el partido que más destaque en cada día de la campaña contará con una
aparición en topless de su joven al día siguiente (PATG22S.s48)4.2.10 Non-translation
Two cases of non-translation, non-refoulement and non-US, borrowed by the
translators, also appear. These represent a marginal option (see Table 7).
(23) [...] it is also possible to circumvent the “non-refoulement” clause by deposit-
ing refugees and asylees in so-called safe third countries (EBS1E.s291)
[...] también es posible burlar la cláusula de “non-refoulement” depositando a
los refugiados y asilados en así llamados terceros países seguros (EBS1S.s287)4.3 Juxtaposition and contrastOur diagnostic analysis has shown that there is a marked preference for a number
of translation solutions, both grammatical and lexical. Among the first, PrepPs are
significant. The negative force of this resource rests entirely on the semantics of the
preposition in either language (without/sin), which narrows the scope of negation
to a local domain. Another common grammatical resource is the general negative
operator no, which in some cases conveys clausal negation, deviating from the
source text negation which is mostly local, as is commonly the case with affixes.
Nevertheless, the Spanish operator no frequently conveys local negation as well
(see 4.2.6), which makes the no + positive lexical item pattern a functionally closer
Spanish equivalent as it displays greater similarity with regard to both meaning
and form. A further grammatical solution in Spanish for meanings conveyed by
English affixes is the use of quantifiers or degree adverbs such as poco (Eng little)
to encode the lack of, lacking in.
A second set of translations rely on lexical resources: affixal negation, lexi-
cal negation and paraphrasing. Affixal negation is a central translation option for