A Reading Course in Homeric Greek, Book 2

Appendix A

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Appendix A

6. FACT: ind. and proper tense to indicate both time and aspect of action. Negative oÈ.

¶rxetai.

He comes. (He is coming.)

¶rxeto.

He was coming.

”lyen.

He came.

oÈ l°jv.

I shall not say.

7. FUTURE SUPPOSITIONS

a. Vivid future (future general) construction: to express a probable future supposition; subj.,

often with ên or ke(n). Main verb in fut. ind. or impt. Negative of subj. and impt. is mÆ, of

ind. oÈ.

e½ ken ¶ly×. d°joma¤ min.

If he comes, I shall receive him.

efi d¢ mØ xrusÚn ¶x×, pÎre o¼ sÊ.

If, however, he has no gold, give him (some gold).

b. Future contrary to fact (should-would) construction: to indicate a less likely future

supposition and its assumed consequence; optative in both supposition (protasis) and

conclusion (apodosis), and both clauses may take ên or ke(n). Negative of protasis is mÆ, of

apodosis is oÈ.

efi mØ ¶lyoiw, oÈk ín §y°loimi ¶rxesyai aÈtÎw.

If you should not go, I would not wish to go myself.

8. GENERAL (repeated occurrence)

a. Present: subj., may take ên or ke(n). Negative mÆ. Main verb is regularly pres. ind., nega-

tive oÈ.

̃te ín boÊlhtai, §p‹ yãlassan ¶rxetai.

Whenever she wishes, she goes to the sea.

b. Past: opt. Negative mÆ. Main verb is ordinarily impf. ind. rarely aor.; negative oÈ.

̃te boÊloito, §p‹ yãlassan ¶rxeto.

Whenever she wished, she went (would go) to the sea.

9. HORTATORY: subj., first person (sg. or pl.) only. Negative mÆ.

mØ t˜de m°nvmen, ƒta›roi, éllk fÊgvmen.

Let us not remain here, comrades, but let us flee.

10. INDIRECT DISCOURSE: after a main verb of saying, thinking, perceiving, etc. Verb is inf.,
    with subject in acc. case; tenses are in relation to the main verb (pres. inf. for action
    contemporaneous with main verb; aor. inf. for action prior to main verb; future for action
    subsequent to main verb). Negative oÈ.
    ¶fh sf°aw d°jasyai tãde d¤ra épÚ ênaktow.
    He said that they had received these gifts from the king.