Adjective Classes - A Cross-Linguistic Typology

7 The Small Adjective Class in Jarawara 185

TABLE 3. Gender on the PN in an NP with one PN

NP head

m free noun

f free noun

isgo-
2Sgti-

insg.inc ee
insg.exc otaa
2nsg tee

3nsg mee

Gender of PN

m

f

m

m

f

Example

Okomobi mano

Jane mani

o-mano

ti-mano

ee mano

otaa mano

tee mano

mee mani

Gloss

Okomobi's arm

Jane's arm

my arm

your (sg) arm

our (inc) arms

our (exc) arms

your (nsg) arms

their arms

It is interesting that nsg pronouns and nouns as NP heads show no differences
here; for example:

ee feme 'our feet' eejehene 'our fat'

mee tame 'their feet' meejehe 'their fat'

Okomobi feme 'Okomobi's foot' Okomobi jehene 'Okomobi's fat'

However o-lti- or oko/tika behave in the same way with respect to the assignment
of gender on PNs within an NP.
The gender of PNs following a head noun or pronoun within an NP is deter-
mined by the head, but in a rather complex way. Table 3 illustrates what happens
when a single PN follows the head; here the PN mani/mano 'arm' is added, to every
kind of NP head—m free noun, f free noun, sg pronoun, 1/2 nsg pronoun and 3nsg
pronoun.
Note that if augment modifier mee comes between head noun and PN, then mee
overrides the gender of the head noun and requires that the PN be in f form. Com-
pare borokoo ataro ('pirarucu (m) scale:m') 'scales of a pirarucu fish' with borokoo
mee atari ('pirarucu (m) AUG scale:f) 'scales of pirarucus'.
Because of this distribution of gender marking, one is able to ascertain the f and
m forms of every PN. Consider 'scrotum', an exclusively masculine body part. The
m form, tenehe, occurs in Okomobi tenehe 'Okomobi's scrotum', o-tenehe 'my scro-
tum', and ee tenehe 'our scrotums'. But 3nsg must be followed by the f form of a PN,
and we get the f form tanehe in mee tanehe 'their scrotums'.
When we have two or more PNs following the head of an NP, the principles of
gender choice are again different. We can illustrate, in Table 4, with manilmano
'arm' followed by bakilbako 'underside, inside'. It will be seen that whereas the first
PN is m when following any 1/2 pronoun, the second and later PNs are f following
i/2sg and m following i/2nsg.
As mentioned at the end of §2, the 3nsg pronoun is a recent innovation in
Jarawara and the other Madi dialects, having developed from the free noun *madi