230 Ho-min Sohn
related adjectives may occur with these suffixes as well, as in (8b). In general, this
sub-set of adjectives seems to denote daily states that can be changed by human
effort.
(8) (a) kipp-ela 'be happy!' coh-ala 'be good!'
celm-ca 'let's be young' nuli-lkkey 'I promise to be slow'
*sulphu-lla 'you could be sad'
(b) kenkanghay-la 'be healthy!' hayngpokhay-la 'be happy!'
pucilenha-ca 'let's be diligent' solcikha-ma 'I promise to be frank!'
The plain-level imperative suffix -elal-ala has an exclamatory function only when
it occurs with an adjective.
(9) Verb: ikes-ul al-ala!
this-ACC know-iM
'be aware of this!'
Adjective: aiko chwuw-ela!
oh cold-EXC
'oh, it's so cold!'
3.1.2. As modifiers within an NPBoth verbs and adjectives modify a head noun within an NP in the form of rela-
tive clause.
(10) Verb: [nay-ka a-nu-n] [salam]
Isg-NOM know-iN-RL person
'a person I know'
Adjective: [khi-ka khu-n] [salam]
height-NOM big-RL person
'a tall person' (lit. the person whose height is big)
Notice that, as in -(nu)n/ZERO alternation in predicative uses as observed in (7),
there is an allomorphic difference in the pre-nominal non-past indicative forms
too. That is, -nu occurs after a verb stem and ZERO after an adjective stem.
The lack of pre-nominal past forms only in adjectives is another morphologic-
al difference. Notice incidentally in (11) that the past relativizer -(u)n of verbs is of
the same form as the non-past relativizer of adjectives.
(11) Verb: (Past) alh-un salam 'a person who was ill'
(Non-past) alh-nun salam 'a person who is ill'
Adjective: (Past) n/a
(Non-past) coh-un salam 'a good person'
3.1.3. Nominalizers and conjunctive suffixesBoth verbs and adjectives are essentially the same in nominalization. They are
nominalized with a nominalizer such as the factive -um or the non-factive -ki.