238 Ho-min SohnThere are some lexical or morphosyntactic characteristics correlated with the
above semantic types. For example, in DIMENSION, only the positive terms in anto-
nym pairs have derived nouns with the nominalizer suffix -z, as in kh-i 'height', khu-
ki size', kil-i 'length', nelp-i 'width', kiph-i 'depth', and noph-i 'height'. Also, most mono-
morphemic adjectives in this semantic type take the suffix -talah 'rather, very', as
in noph-talahta 'lofty', khe-talahta 'very big', and cop-talahta 'rather narrow'. In AGE,
while the young side of animates is expressed by an adjective, the word for 'old' is
expressed only by the verb nulkta get old' (animate). While inanimate oldness is
expressed by an adjective, newness is expressed only by the pre-nominal speci-
fier say 'new'. In VALUE, concepts like 'atrocious', 'perfect', 'real', 'odd', 'strange', 'curi-
ous', 'necessary', 'crucial', 'important', and 'lucky' are all expressed only in SK-native
compounds, as in wancen-hata 'perfect', cwungyo-hata 'important', and tahayng-ita
'lucky'. In COLOUR, there are five monomorphemic native terms: 'blue/green, 'red',
'yellow', 'black', and 'white'. There are, however, a wide variety of derivatives with
affixes or partially reduplicated elements, as well as sound symbolic (vowel har-
monic) counterparts. For example, phuluta green, blue' is extended to phalahta,
phelehta green, blue', say-phalahta, si-phelehta 'deep green, deep blue', phulu/phalu-
teytey-hata, phulu/phalu-cwukcwuk-hata, phulu/phalu-sulem-hata 'bluish, green-
ish', phulus-phulus-hata,phallus-phalus-hata green/blue here and there'. Here, a is a
'bright' vowel, connoting relative brightness, sharpness, lightness, and shallowness,
whereas u and e are 'dark' vowels, connoting relative darkness, heaviness, dullness,
and deepness. Partial reduplication like -teytey means 'poorly', -cwukcwuk 'uneven-
ly', and phulus-phulus spotted'. There are a large number of finely differentiated SK
colour nouns.
As expected, PHYSICAL PROPERTY seems to have the largest class, since the most
common function of adjectives in languages is to denote the property of nominal
referents. HUMAN PROPENSITY includes sensory adjectives whose morphosyntac-
tic properties were discussed in the previous section. In parallel to SPEED words
such as ppaluta 'fast' vs. nulita 'slow', there are native pairs that indicate time: iluta
early' vs. nucta 'late'.
A syntactic property of DIFFICULTY adjectives is that they take a nominalized
clause as a complement in the nominative case, as in ku chayk-un ilk-ki-ka ely-
epta/swipta 'that book is hard/easy to read'. In SIMILARITY, the meaning similar' is
expressed either by native pisus-hata or SK-native yusa-hata or by the past/perfect
form of the verb talmta 'resemble, look alike'. In QUALIFICATION, there are many
polymorphemic adjectives including SK-native compounds like kanung-hata
(possibility-be) 'possible' and cektang-hata (appropriateness-be) 'appropriate' and
native phrases like swu issta (way exist) 'possible', tus hata (appearance be) 'likely',
and kes kathta (fact same)'appear, probable'. In QUANTIFICATION, 'all' and 'some'
are expressed only by native noun motwu and SK nounyakkan, respectively, and
enough' by SK-native adjectives chwungpun-hata, cok-hata, and native adjective
neknek-hata and native verb calata 'become enough'. Existential adjectives such as