54 Anthony E. Backhouse
TABLE 4.
Process Result Inflected adjectives vs. verbs
Conversion (conjunctive)
Reduplication (stem)
Suffocation (-so)
Suffocation (-mi)
Conversion (stem/
conjunctive)
Suffocation (-garu)
Suffocation (-sugiru)
Suffocation (-500)
Suffocation (-me)
Adverb: nagaku 'for a long
time, etc.'
Adverb: naganaga 'at great
length'
Noun: nagasa 'length'Noun: amami 'sweetness'
(< amai 'sweet')
Noun: warn 'rogue' (<
warui 'bad')/tikaku 'area
nearby' (< tikai 'near')
Verb: samugaru 'show signs
of feeling cold' (< samui
'feel cold')
Verb: nagasugiru 'be too
long'(Uninflected) adjective:
nagasoo (no) long-looking'
(Uninflected) adjective:
nagame (no) 'on the long
side'Widespread. Restricted with
verbs.
Restricted. A few with verbs.Productive. A few with nega-
tive verbs.
More restricted than above.
Not with verbs.
Restricted. Widespread with
positive verbs.Productive with adjectives
denoting psychological states.
Not with verbs.
Productive. Also with positive
verbs, restricted with nega-
tive verbs.
Productive. Also with
positive and negative verbs.
Productive with gradable
inflected adjectives. Not with
verbs.(2) uti no kodomo ga inu ga kowa-i (to.iu.koto)
we ADNOM child NOM dog NOM feel.afraid-NONPAST (NR)
'(the fact that) our child is afraid of dogs'
(3) tanakasaNga suzukisaNto sitasi-i (to.iu.koto)
Tanaka NOM Suzuki RECIP on.close.terms-NONPAST (...)
'(the fact that) Tanaka is on close terms with Suzuki'
(c) Copula complement (in conjunctive form) of verbs such as naru 'become', un-
like positive verbs (which require an adjectivalizer), but like negative verbs. This is
a very common construction with adjectives.
(4) Natu ni nar-u niturete hi ga
summer be:coNj become-NONPAST as day NOM
naga-ku nar-u
long-coNj become-NONPAST
"The days grow longer as summer comes'