Q- particle, which appears as a suffi x for the verb. Furthermore, we showed that
an expectation-related slowdown occurred later in the sentence than locality
effects. Such a timing difference between the two factors has never been observed
in the literature, and we suggest that the different types of expectations are
responsible for the timing difference. Finally, in our experiment, the TMEs in
the distant conditions were delayed compared with the TMEs in the local con-
ditions. One possible account for the delay has to do with the backward search
mechanism suggested in Spr ouse et al. (2011). Taken together, the present
study has shown some new fi ndings related to the locality and expectations,
which calls for further investigation on the relationship between these two
memory-based components of sentence processing and grammatical properties
such as scope-marking, head-fi nality, and suffi xation.
Notes
1 There are several measurements used in most of the eye-tracking experiments in
the literature. Regression path durations, also known as regression path time,
are the sum of fi xation durations in the region before the reader makes a saccade
to the region on the right.
2 Second-pass time is the sum of all fi xation durations of the region except for
fi rst-pass time, which is the sum of all fi xation durations before there is a saccade
either to the right or the left. Total time is the sum of fi rst-pass time and second-
pass time.
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