218
strong caveat that this is an anticolonial history based largely on Arabic
sources; Mallmann and Cüppers, Halbmond und Hakenkreuz, 91, 99, 102.
- A careful watch was kept by the Iraqi CID on Karradi’s relatives in Baghdad
and northern Iraq. One relative claimed to have met Karradi near Erbil in
March 1945 and stated that Karradi had apparently been ill for a long time.
Security Intelligence Summary No. 73, Defence Security Office, CICI
Iraq, 31 March 1945, AIR 29/2515, TNA.
- Objektbearbeitung Bagdadbahn, 10 October 1944, R 58/38,
Bundesarchiv, Berlin-Lichterfelde [BArch] is an extraordinary document: a
detailed report on targeting and sabotaging the Baghdad railway, prepared
for Walther Schellenberg in the autumn of 1944 by RSHA VI F 3
(Technische Hilfsmittel), with Otto Skorzeny’s RSHA VI S atop the distri-
bution list.
- About the atrocious activities of these three SS officers, see Mallmann and
Cüppers, Halbmond und Hakenkreuz, 96; NSW, 62–4. About Wagner, see
NSW, 49–54 passim; about Hurr, see NSW, 84; about Leverkuehn, see
Mallmann and Cüppers, Halbmond und Hakenkreuz, 94.
- Unternehmen ZEPPELIN, the large-scale operation to recruit Soviet
POWs for espionage and special operations behind Russian lines, was the
magnificent obsession of the RSHA VI C chief Heinz Gräfe, who was acci-
dentally killed before he could witness its disappointing outcome. For an
excellent analytical overview of ZEPPELIN, see Katrin Paehler, The Third
Reich’s Intelligence Services: The Career of Walter Schellenberg (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 2017), 159–65. See also Perry Biddiscombe,
‘Unternehmen Zeppelin: The Deployment of SS Saboteurs and Spies in
the Soviet Union, 1942–1945,’ Europe-Asia Studies 52, no. 6 (September
2000): 1115–42; Klaus-Michael Mallmann, ‘Der Krieg im Dunkeln: Das
Unternehmen “Zeppelin” 1942–1945’ in Michael Wildt, ed.,
Nachrichtendienst, politische Elite und Mordeinheit: Der Sicherheitsdienst
des Reichsführers-SS (Hamburg: Hamburger Edition, 2003), 324–46.
ADRIAN O’SULLIVAN
