a mysterious ‘Mr E. Dayton’ shown as a regular recipient of British intel-
ligence and security summaries.
The giant United States Steel Corporation was a preferred company for
OSS cover purposes, probably because one of Donovan’s most senior
administrators in Washington was a ‘steel man’ named Louis Ream, the
son of Norman B. Ream, one of the original founders of US Steel. See
Colin B. Burke, America’s Information Wars: The Untold Story of
Information Systems in America’s Conflicts and Politics from World War II
to the Internet Age (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2018), 42;
R. Harris Smith, OSS: The Secret History of America’s First Central
Intelligence Agency (Guilford, CT: Lyons Press, 2005), 4.
The ‘other’ New Jersey university besides Princeton, Rutgers is the State
University of New Jersey. Donovan recruited many officers from Ivy
League universities, including Princeton. Though not in the Ivy League,
Rutgers (founded as Queen’s College in 1766) is one of the nine ‘colonial
colleges’ chartered before the American Revolution.
The Courier News [Somerville, NJ], 31 August 1939.
Ben Macintyre, For Your Eyes Only: Ian Fleming and James Bond (London:
Bloomsbury, 2009), 36. Dayton was 41 (born 1900 in Plainfield, NJ).
Crawford to Loud, 7 September 1943, Record Group 226, Entry 215,
Box 3, NARA.
Weekly report of activities, 2–9 October 1943, Folder 4, Box 5, Series 8
(OSS), PP.
Penrose to Loud, 25 October 1943, Folder 4, Box 5, Series 8 (OSS), PP.
Penrose to Loud, 6 February 1944, Folder 6, Box 5, Series 8 (OSS),
PP. Original italics.
Dayton to Penrose and Crawford, 2 February 1944, Record Group 226,
Entry 215, Box 7, NARA. Unfortunately, soon afterwards, as the United
States became more clearly committed to the pursuit of postwar commer-
cial opportunities in the region, an element of distrust crept into Anglo-
American intelligence relations, and SIME introduced a ‘Guard’ stamp for
classified information that was to be kept from American eyes. See ECOP,
For further details about the LIBERATORS and MAMMUT, see Chap. 9.
Hoffmann was 2 i/c of Operation MAMMUT, had a mechanical-engi-
neering background, and had been trained by Abwehr II to carry out oil-
installation sabotage in Kurdistan. See Rosbeiani, ‘Das Unternehmen
“Mammut”,’ 109–10; First detailed interrogation report on Mueller, Agt.,
by Major Edmund Tilley, 27 October 1943, WO 201/1402B, TNA;
Special Security Report No. 6, Appendix A, Security Intelligence Summary
No. 60, Defence Security Office, CICI Iraq, 22 January 1944, AIR
29/2512, TNA.
