242
Failure of the German Intelligence Services, 1939–45 (Basingstoke: Palgrave
Macmillan, 2014) [NSW], 215–16.
- Leary to Loud, 22 January 1945, Record Group 226, Entry 215, Box 3,
NARA.
- Near East Section fortnightly report, 1–15 January 1945, Record Group
226, Entry 215, Box 3, NARA.
- In 1957 Hoff was decorated with the Großes Silbernes Ehrenzeichen für
Verdienste um die Republik Österreich (Grand Silver Decoration of
Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria); in 1958 he was awarded
the Preis der Stadt Wien für Naturwissenschaften (City of Vienna Prize for
the Natural Sciences).
- Roosevelt, For Lust of Knowing, 129.
- Penrose to Loud, 9 February 1944, Record Group 226, Entry 215, Box 3,
NARA.
- Penrose to Shepardson, 22 February 1944, Folder 6, Box 5, Series 8
(OSS), PP.
- Allen’s Presbyterianism presumably inspired his codename ‘Calvin Warne,’
though OSS normally discouraged the use of such associative cryptonyms as
being poor security. Cf. RSHA VI’s indiscreet choice of FRANZ for Franz
Mayr’s reinforcement mission in Persia, which greatly angered him, NSW,
169–70. For more about Allen (from Kalispell, MT and born in 1906 in
Oregon), see ECOP, 216–17, and various letters around the time of his
recruitment in 1942 at Record Group 226, Entry 210, Box 389, NARA.
- Penrose to Loud, 21 September 1943, Record Group 226, Entry 215,
Box 3, NARA.
- Penrose informed Allen when he first arrived in Baghdad that, because of
the agreement among the Allies not to conduct military-intelligence oper-
ations on Persian soil for the duration of the war, OSS had been left ‘hold-
ing a sack.’ He was therefore ‘exceedingly anxious’ that Allen should
commence operations without delay, as OSS would be ‘the only agency
able to secure information from the entire area.’ Penrose to Allen, 8 July
1943, Record Group 226, Entry 217, Box 1, NARA; Penrose to Loud, 18
May 1943, Folder 4, Box 5, Series 8 (OSS), PP. See also ECOP, 27.
- See ECOP, 214. Tom Allen and Joe Upton were actually good friends dur-
ing their time in Persia and after the war. Gregory Aftandilian, letter to the
author, 24 August 2018.
- Allen’s cover in the Soviet zone as an agricultural expert with the Millspaugh
Mission was more appropriate and credible than that of a missionary, but
he knew nothing about agriculture. Fortunately, Allen had an able assistant
in Tabriz named Victor Daniel Aftandilian, who no doubt helped him
maintain solid cover. Ibid. In gratitude, Allen helped Aftandilian emigrate
to the United States from Persia in 1948. Gregory Aftandilian, letter to the
author, 16 February 2019.
ADRIAN O’SULLIVAN
