Clarence Thomas, “The Modern Civil Rights Movement” (Winston-Salem,
NC: The Tocqueville Forum, 4/18/1988); Garry Wills, Lincoln at Gettysburg
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992); Robert Lowell as described in Allan
Nevins, ed., Lincoln and the Gettysburg Address (Urbana: University of
Illinois Press, 1964), 88-89; Robert Bellah, “Civil Religion in America,”
Daedalus (Winter 1967): 1-21; Willmoore Kendall, “Equality: Commitment or
Ideal?” Intercollegiate Review (Fall 1989): 25-33; and Harry V. Jaffa,
“Inventing the Gettysburg Address,” Intercollegiate Review (Fall 1992): 51-
56.
39 Triumph of the American Nation does ask two questions but buries them
inside two pages of “Reviewing Important Terms,” “Practicing Critical
Thinking Skills,” and so on at the end of the unit.
40 With the same reasoning, Paul Gagnon agrees that “all texts should reprint
the [Second Inaugural] in its entirety” in Democracy’s Half-Told Story, 70-71.
41 Cf. Voegeli, Free but Not Equal, 138.
42 Pathways to the Present does include a different sentence that mentions
slavery.
43 Lyrics quoted in James M. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom (New York:
Oxford University Press, 1988), vi.
44 See Carleton Beals, War Within a War (Philadelphia: Chilton, 1965), 145-
50.
45 Quoted in James M. McPherson, “Wartime,” New York Review of Books,
March 12, 1990, 33. Black soldiers caused “a revolution in thinking” in the
Union army, according to Litwack, Been in the Storm So Long, 100.
46 The American Adventure, Challenge of Freedom, Discovering American
History, and Life and Liberty treat the topic of black soldiers particularly
well.
47 A particularly astute reader might be able to infer that result from the
treatment in The American Journey.
48 Bill Evans points out (personal communication, 12/1993) that another
factor encouraging border-state abolitionism was the absence from the polls of
some slavery sympathizers fighting in the Confederate Army.
49 As quoted by McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, 688 (his ellipses).