The History of Austria 37that even though Austria does not produce nuclear energy, it
buys it gladly from its neighbours. Yet, Austrians oppose the
operation of ‘unsafe’ nuclear power plants by their former
eastern bloc neighbours. At times, protestors have blockaded
border crossings to the Czech Republic.
International Issues
EU Expansion
Austria is a committed member of the European Union. In
spite of the sanctions imposed after the 1999 elections, the
majority of Austrians never considered withdrawing from the
union. There is, however, some disagreement on the terms
and pace of EU expansion towards the east. Officially, the
Austrian government favours EU expansion. It is believed
that it would promote security and stability in the region.
Moreover, proponents say that Austria could be one of the
main economic beneficiaries of EU expansion because of its
existing presence in eastern markets.
The biggest current issue is Turkey’s potential membership.
The majority of Austrians would prefer to see Turkey join the
EU with something less than full membership. They cite
Turkey’s size, poverty levels and religious differences as
reasons to limit its participation in the EU.
Austria’s Military Role
Austria, a vital neutral presence during the tense days of
the Cold War, wants to continue to be a key player between
East and West. Yet, after so many years of neutrality, Austria
must answer difficult questions regarding its involvement in
multilateral security structures. This issue was brought to the
forefront during the Kosovo crisis and the NATO bombing
of Yugoslavia.
Having retained its neutrality, Austria can only participate in
UN and EU humanitarian and peacekeeping missions. Being
outside of NATO prohibits Austria from fully participating
in an EU mission if sensitive NATO material is used. As a
consequence, Austria is not considered an equal partner in
EU security policy. The Socialists and the Greens are strongly
opposed to joining NATO, as are a majority of Austrians.