A Reader in Sociophonetics

Classi¿ cation of Regional Language Varieties 213 also revealed to be an important dimension of perceptual similarity (Clop- per ...

214 Cynthia G. Clopper 2007): geography and distinctiveness. The results of the similarity ratings task thus provide converging ...

Classi¿ cation of Regional Language Varieties 215 more confusable than non-local varieties. Geographic mobility, on the other ha ...

216 Cynthia G. Clopper (Clopper and Pisoni 2007). Both of these effects are most likely related to the listeners’ overall famili ...

Classi¿ cation of Regional Language Varieties 217 can also be used to identify lexical items, which can then specify phonologi- ...

218 Cynthia G. Clopper to capture this important role of the lexicon in the construction of represen- tations of phonological va ...

Classi¿ cation of Regional Language Varieties 219 judgments typically reÀ ect social stereotypes, they are also connected to oth ...

220 Cynthia G. Clopper References Clopper, Cynthia G., Brianna L. Conrey, and David B. Pisoni. 2005. Effects of talker gender on ...

Classi¿ cation of Regional Language Varieties 221 Pierrehumbert, Janet B. 2002. Word-speci¿ c phonetics. In Carlos Gussenhoven a ...

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Chapter 9 Perceptions of /a/ fronting Across Two Michigan Dialects Bartáomiej Plichta, University of Minnesota Twin Cities and B ...

224 Bartáomiej Plichta and Brad Rakerd Figure 9.1 Ishpeming and Detroit, Michigan. Figure 9.2 Sample vowel systems of Detroit fe ...

Perceptions of /a/ fronting Across Two Michigan Dialects 225 vowel shifts, including /D/ fronting, /æ/ fronting and raising, and ...

226 Bartáomiej Plichta and Brad Rakerd 2.1 Intrinsic normalization Proponents of intrinsic normalization theory argue that there ...

Perceptions of /a/ fronting Across Two Michigan Dialects 227 Figure 9.3a A two-dimensional discriminant analysis of Bark-transfo ...

228 Bartáomiej Plichta and Brad Rakerd 2.2 Extrinsic normalization Proponents of extrinsic normalization argue that vowel percep ...

Perceptions of /a/ fronting Across Two Michigan Dialects 229 Some respondents chose to have the experiment run at their own hous ...

230 Bartáomiej Plichta and Brad Rakerd of Lower Michigan; nine (5 men, 4 women) were recruited from the Ishpeming area of the Up ...

Perceptions of /a/ fronting Across Two Michigan Dialects 231 variation in F1 and F2 was very similar for the two talkers. It can ...

232 Bartáomiej Plichta and Brad Rakerd 4.4 Target words in citation-Form: The qualifying test A condition of participation in th ...