A Reader in Sociophonetics

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Aspects of the Acoustic Analysis of Imitation 389

Notes


1 For auditory research on how individual speakers vary in their ability to produce
and perceive imitation, see Markham 1997, 1999.
2 For more details on the methods and results of this study, see Evans 2002.
3 This could reÀ ect an overall trend among younger speakers of Midwest American
English (Ash 1996).
4 Eckert (2003) calls this issue one of sociolinguistics’ “elephants in the room.”


References


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Blomberg, Mats, Daniel Elenius, and Elisabeth Zetterholm. 2004. Speaker veri¿ ca-
tion scores and acoustic analysis of a professional impersonator. Proceedings of
Fonetik 2004, 84–87. Stockholm, Sweden.
Boss, Dagmar. 1996. The problem of F0 and real-life speaker identi¿ cation. Forensic
Linguistics 1 (1): 155–159.
Braun, Angelika. 1995. Fundamental frequency: how speaker-speci¿ c is it? BIPHOL
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(3): 417– 431.
Dillon, Caitlin M., Miranda Cleary, David B. Pisoni, and Allyson K. Carter. 2004.
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mental analyses. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 18 (1): 39–55.
Eckert, Penelope and John Rickford. 2001. Style and sociolinguistic variation. Cam-
bridge: Cambridge University Press.
Eckert, Penelope. 2003. Elephants in the room. Journal of Sociolinguistics 7 (3):
392– 431.
Endres, Werner K., W. Bambach, and G. Flösser. 1971. Voice spectrograms as a func-
tion of age, voice disguise and voice imitation. The Journal of The Acoustical
Society of America 49 (6): 1842–1848.
Evans, Betsy E. 2002. An acoustic and perceptual analysis of imitation. In Daniel
Long and Dennis R. Preston (eds), Handbook of perceptual dialectology, Vol. II.
Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 95–112.
Gfroerer, Stefan and Isolde Wagner. 1995. Fundamental frequency in forensic speech
samples. In A. Braum and J.-P. Koster (eds), Studies in Forensic Phonetics. Trier:
Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier, 41–48.
Hazen, Kirk. 2001. An introductory investigation into bidialectalism. University of
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