A Reader in Sociophonetics

The Frequency and Degree of “intrusive /r/” in New Zealand English 47

The model effects are plotted in Figures 2.3–2.5 where the y-axes show the pre-
dicted likelihood that an intrusive /r/ will be present. The predicted probability
of insertion is calculated by deriving the log odds of insertion from the coef-
¿ cients in Table 2.3, and then converting the log odds to a probability using the

Table 2.2 Wald Statistics for Model Predicting Likelihood of /r/-insertion

Factor Chi-Square d.f. P

Gender 3.76 1 0.0525

Social class 70.64 6 <.0001

Base 79.93 10 <.0001

Af¿ x 28.09 7 0.0002

Social class x base 18.3 5 0.0026

TOTAL 131.33 19 <.0001

Table 2.3 Coef¿ cients for Model Predicting Likelihood of /r/-insertion

Intercept -4.834077

Gender=Male 0.408924

Class 0.542852

base=claw 2.206757

base=ma -0.830365

base=oprah 0.667502

base=plough -0.887871

base=sofa 3.421577

af¿ x=ify 0.27231

af¿ x=ism 0.028013

af¿ x=ing 1.000898

af¿ x=ish 0.607396

af¿ x=word -1.055286

af¿ x=y 0.570314

af¿ x=ize 0.633545

Social class x base=claw -0.264542

Social class x base=ma -0.002005

Social class x base=oprah -0.424215

Social class x base=plough -0.067133

Social class x base=sofa -0.446194